Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 3.djvu/1064

Rh 105^ THEODORUS. Theodore wrote a book Hspl ©ewV, De Diis, which Latirtius who had seen it, says (ii. 97) was not to be contemned ; and he adds tliat it was said to have been the source of many of the statements or arguments of Epicurus. According to Suidas (s. v. &e6Swpos) he wrote many works both on the doc- trines of his sect and on other subjects. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iii. pp. 189, 615, vol. x. pp. 373, 385.) 33. Daphnopates. [Daphnopates.] 34. Decapolita (6 AiKairoirif]s called also Patricius and Quaestor, lived under Constantine VII. Porphyrogenitus, several of whose Novellae were drawn up by our Theodore. (Codinus, De Originibics CPolitanis, p. 78, ed. Paris, p. 155, ed. Bonn, cum notis Lambecii ; Lambec. De Biblioth. Caesaraea^ vol. vi. pars i. col. 37.) 35. Of Edessa, was first a monk of that city, and then archdeacon (Cave says archbishop) of the Church there. Possin and Cave place him in the twelfth centurj' ; and Cave observes that the capture of Edessa by the Saracens prevents our placing him later. Ex Capitilms Theodori Edesseni L. were given in a Latin version subjoined to Pontanus's edition of the works of Syraeon of St. Mamas [SvMEON, No. 16], Ingoldstadt, 1603, and were reprinted in the Bibliotheca Patrum^ vol. xii. pars i. p. 861, fol. Cologne, 1618 ; in the Bibliotliecae Pa- trum, Supplementum of Morel, vol. i. Paris, 1639 ; and in the Bibliotheca Patrum, vol. xxii. p. 752, fol. Lyon, 1677. But they were given more fully, Capitula CII.^ and in the Greek original as well as in a Latin version, in the Thesaurus Asce- ticus of Possin, p. 345, 4to. Paris, 1684. (Fabric. B'M. Graec. vol. x. p. 387 ; Cave, Hist. Litt ad ann. 1101, vol. ii. p. 185.) 36. Epigrammaticus Poeta (7rot7jTr;s eVt- ypanixdrajv), mentioned by Diogenes Laertius (ii. 104), but Avithout any notice of time or country. Suidas and Eudocia (s. v.) mention a Theodore, a poet, author of various pieces, especially one ad- dressed Et's K€OTrdTpay^ Ad Cleopatram. Pollux also (Onomas^icow, iv. 7, 2) mentions a Theodore of Colophon, a poet ; but whether these writers refer to the same individual is not certain. Two very short Epigrammata are assigned to " Theo- dorus Proconsul," QeoSdopov avdvirdrov {Anthol. Graec. Planudea, pp. 140, 220, ed. Stephan., pp. 203, 320, ed. Weichel, ; Analecta^ Brunck, vol. iii. p. 6, vol. iii. p. 227, ed. Jacobs), but we have no means of knowing whether he is one of those men- tioned above. Jacobs identifies him with a Theo- dorus lUustris, twice proconsul, to whose bust or statue Agathias wrote an Epigramma E<s iiKdva &eodwpov 'IWovarpiov koI Sis avdvirdrov. Ad Imaginem Tlieodori Illustris et bis Proconsul. An- tholog. Graec. vol. xiii. p. 618, ed. Jacobs), and whom, therefore, Jacobs (vol. xiii. p. 960) assigns to the age of Justinian I. These various Theodori are to be distinguished from Cyrus Theodoras, Kupos ©edSwpos [No. 64], whose Epigrammata, in which all the chapters of the Old and New Testaments are enumerated, were published at Basel, A. D. 1636. (Jacobs, I. c.) 37. Of Gadara (&e65wpos roSopews), an emi- nent rhetorician of the age of Augustus. His sur- name indicates his birth-place, Gadara, in the coun- try east of the Jordan. ( See also Strabo, Geogr. lib. xvi. p. 759, Casaub.) He is said to have been originally a slave (Suidas). He appears to have nettled at Rhodes, where Tiberius, afterwards em- THEODORUS. peror, during liis retirement (from b. c. 6 to a. d. 2) to that island, was one of his hearers. (Quintil. Instit. Orat. lib. iii. c. i. §§ 17, 18 ; comp. Seneca, Suasoria, iii. sub fin.) According to Suidas he was also settled at Rome, where he was the rival of Polemon and Antipater, the rhetoricians (Suidas, s. V. Qeddupos Fadapevs). Whether his settle- ment at Rome preceded that at Rhodes is un- certain : it is likely that it did, and that Tiberius received instruction from him in rhetoric iu his boyhood, as well as in maturer years, during his retreat at Rhodes. By this supposition we may reconcile the statement given above from Quintilian with the following remarkable passage from Sueto- nius {Tiber, c. 57) : — "' His (Tiberius's) cruel and sluggish temperament did not escape notice even in his boyhood ; Theodore of Gadara, his teacher in rhetoric, seems to have been the first who sa- gaciously perceived and aptly expressed it by a comparison, calling him from time to time when reproving him {iniXhv al/nari Trecpvp/xevov), ' clay tempered with blood.' " Theodorus was one of the most eminent rhetoricians of his time (comp. Juve- nal, Sat. vii. 177) ; and was in fact the founder of a certain school of rhetoricians 'who were called " Theodorei " (Quintil. l. c. ; comp. Strab. Geog. lib. xiii. p. 625, Casaub.), as distinguished from the " Apollodorei," or followers of ApoUodorus of Pergamus, who had been the tutor of Augustus Caesar at ApoUonia. [Apollodorus, No. 22.] Hermagoras the rhetorician, surnamed Carion [Hermagoras, No. 2], was a pupil of Theodore. (Quintilian, I. c. § 19.) Theodore wrote many works. (Quintil. I.e. c. 18.) Suidas (s. v.) and Eudocia (apud Villoison. Anecdota Graec. vol. i. p. 230) mention the following : — 1. Uepl rwv iv (pwvout ^rjTovfieuwv y Libri ires de iis quae voci- bus quaeruntur. 2. riepl IcTTopias a, De Historia Liber unus. 3. Ilepl i^e'crews eV, De Thesi Liber unus. 4. ITepi SiuX^ktwv biJ.oi6rT)Tos koX avo- Sel^eus fi De Dialectorum Sitnilitudine et Demon- stralione Libri duo. 5. nepl iroXLTeias )8', De Repvhlica Libri duo. 6. Tl^pl KoiT)s 'Xvpias a De Coele-Syria Uber unus. 7. Ile/Ji p-fiTopos Si;- vdfxecai a', DeFacultateOratoris lAber tmus. He adds that he wrote others. The list shows that Theo- dore was a man of varied attainments. His works are all lost : a few fragments are preserved by Quintilian, whose frequent references to or citations from Theodore {Tnstitut. lib. ii, c. xv. § 16, lib. iii. c. vi. §§ 2, 36, 51, c. xi. §§ 3, 26, lib. iv. c. i. § 23, lib. v. c. xiii. § 59) show the reputation he had attained. He is also cited by Longinus {De Subliin. c. 2), Theon {Progymnasmat. c. xii.), and perhaps by Demetrius, miscalled Phalereus {De In- terpretations, c. ccxxxvii.). Antonius, a son of Theodore of Gadara, became a senator in the time of Adrian (Suidas, I. c). (Langbaine, ad Longin. c. ii. p. 24, ed. Oxford, 1638 ; Menag. ad Diog. La'crt. ii. 104 ; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. vi. p. 139, vol. X. p. 387.) 38. Gaza. [Gaza.] 39. Grammaticus. Athenaeus repeatedly either two works of this Theodore, or the same under two somewhat different titles, 'AttikoI y aai, Attica^ Glossae, and 'AttikoI cpwvai, Ati Voces. (Athen. xi. p. 496, e., xiv. p. 646, c, xv. p. 677, b., p. 678, d., p. 691, c.) Of the age and country of Theodore nothing is known, except that, as he is, in one of the above places (xv. p. 677), cited on the authority of Pamphilus [Pamphilus, literary, tm^^