Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 3.djvu/1035

Rh THEMIS. THEBE (077^7/). 1. A daughter of Prome- theus, from whom the Boeotian Thebes was be- lieved to have derived its name. (Steph. Byz. S.V.) 2. A daughter of Asopus and Metope, the daughter of Ladon, became by Zeus the mother of Zethus. She, too, is said to have given her name to the city of Thebes. (Apollod. iii. 5. § 6 ; Paus. ii. 5. § 2, V. 22. § 5 ; Pind. Isthm. viii. 37 ; Diod. iv. 72.) [L. S.] THEIA (©et'o). 1. A daughter of Uranus and Ge, one of the female Titans, became by Hyperion the mother of Helios, Eos, and Selene, that is, she was regarded as the deity from which all light proceeded. (Has. T/ieog. 135, 371 ; Pind. Isthm. v. 1; Apollod. i. 1. § 3, 2. § 2 ; CatuU. 66. 44.) 2. A daughter of Oceanus and mother of the Cercopes. (Eustath. ad Horn. p. 1864 ; Tzetz. ad Lycoph.9.) [L. S.] THEIAS (0e/aj), a king of the Assyrians, and father of Smyrna, the mother of Adonis. (Apollod. iii. 14. § 4 ; Anton. Lib. 34 ; Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 829 ; comp. Adonis.) [L. S.] THEIO'DAMAS (eetoSa^tas), the father of Hylas, and king of the Dryopes. (Apollod. ii. 7. § 7 ; Apollon. Rhod. i. 1213, and his Schol. on i. 1207 ; Propert. i. 20. 6 : comp. Hylas.) [L. S.] THEIODAS. [Theudas.] THEISOA (©etcrJa), one of the nymphs who brought up the infant Zeus, was worshipped at Theisoa in Arcadia. (Paus. viii. 38. §§ 3, 7, 47. § 2.) [L. S.] THELXION (0eA|tW), in conjunction with Telchin, murdered Apis, when he attempted to subjugate Peloponnesus ; but they themselves were slain in return by Argus Panoptes. (Apollod. ii. 1. § 1, &c.) Pausanias ( ii. 5. § 5) calls him a son of Apis and the father of Aegyrus. [L. S.] THEMIS (0eVts)- 1- A daughter of Uranus (others say Helios, Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 129) and Ge, was married to Zeus, by whom she became the mother of the Horae, Eunomia, Dice ( Astraea), Kirene, and the Moerae. (Hes. Tlieog. 135, 901, &c. ; Apollod. i. 3. § 1.) In the Homeric poems, Themis is the personification of the order of things established by law, custom, and equity, whence she is described as reigning in the assemblies of men {Od. ii. 68, &c.), and as convening, by the com- mand of Zeus, the assembly of the gods. (//, xx. 4.) She dwells in Olympus, and is on friendly terms with Hera. (xv. 87, &c.) This character of Themis was recognised in the fact that at Thebes she had a sanctuary in common with the Moerae and Zeus Agoraeus (Paus. ix. 25. § 4), and at Olympia in common with the Horae. (Paus. v. 14. $8, 17. § 1 ; comp. Diod. v. 67.) Besides this she is also described as an ancient prophetic divinity, and is said to have been in possession of the Del- phic oracle as the successor of Ge, and previous to Apollo. (Ov. Met. i. 321, iv. 642 ; Apollon. Rhod. iv. 800 ; Serv. adAen. iv. 246 ; Apollod. i. 4. § 1 ; Paus. X. 5. § 3 ; Aeschyl. Eum. init.) The wor- ship of Themis was established at Thebes, Olym- pia, Athens (Paus. i. 22. § 1), at Tanagra (ix. 22. § 1 ), and at Troezene, where an altar was dedi- cated to the Themides. (ii. 31. § 8.) Nymphs be- lieved to be daughters of Zeus and Themis lived in a cave on the river Eridanus (Apollod. ii. 5. § 11; Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. iv. 1396 ; Hesych. s. v. ©e/Ato-TtaSes), and the Hesp^rides also are called daughters of Zeus and Themis. i^Schol. ad Eurip. THEMISON. 1023 Ilippol. 737.) She is often represented on coins resembling the figure of Athena with a cornucopia and a pair of scales. (Gellius, xiv. 4 ; Hirt, My- thol. Bilderh. p. 112 ; Mliller, Anc. Art and its Rem. §406.) 2. A daughter of Ilus and the wife of Capys, by whom she became the mother of Anchises. (Apol- lod. iii. 12. § 2.) [L.S.] THEMIS or THEOMIS, the name of a poet to whom some late Greek writers ascribe the in- vention of tragedy, is probably nothing more than a corruption of Thespis. (Bode, Gcsch. d. Hellen. Dicktkunst, vol. iii. pt. 1. p. 34.) [P. S.] THE'MISON {(detxiauv). 1. A merchant of the island of Thera, who, according to the Cyrenaean accounts of the foundation of their city, was the instrument made use of by Etearchus, king of Axus, for the destruction of his daughter Phronime. [Etearchus.] Themison, however, evaded the fulfilment of the oath by which he had involuntarily bound himself to drown Phronime, and carried her in safety to Thera. (Herod, iv. 154.) 2. A tyrant of Eretria who in b. c. 366 assisted the exiles of Oropus in recovering possession of their native city. They succeeded in occupying it by surprise, but the Athenians having marched against them with their whole force, Themison was unable to cope with their power, and called in the Thebans to his assistance, who received possession of the city as a deposit, but afterwards refused to give it up. (Diod. xv. 76 ; Xen. Hell. vii. 4. § 1; Dem. de Cor. p. 259.) 3. Of Samos, a naval officer in the service of Antigonus, king of Asia. In b.c. 315 we find him joining that chief in Phoenicia, with a fleet of forty ships from the Hellespont, and again in 306 he is mentioned as commanding a part of the fleet of Demetrius, in the great sea-fight off Salamis in Cyprus. (Diod. xix. 62, xx. 50.) 4. A Cyprian, who enjoyed a high place in the favour of Antiochus II. king of Syria, which he had earned by the basest means as the minister and companion of his abandoned pleasures. The king is said to have committed to him and his brother Aristus, the whole administration of affairs, and not only presented Themison to the people on public occasions in the garb of Heracles, but caused sacrifices to be offered to him under that title. (Athen. vii. p. 289, x. p. 438, c ; Aelian. V. H ii. 41.) 5. An officer in the service of Antiochus the Great, who commanded the cavalry which formed the left wins: of his army at the battle of Raphia, B.C. 217. (Polyb. V. 79,'82.) [E.H.B.] THE'MISON (©e/ifo-wj'), the name of probably three physicians. 1. The founder of the ancient medical sect of the Methodici, and one of the most eminent physicians of his time, was a native of Laodiceia in Syria (Pseudo-Gal. Introd. c. 4. vol. xiv. p. 684). He was a pupil of Asclepiades of Bithynia (Pliny, H. N. xxix. 5), and must have lived, therefore, in the first century b. c. Augustin, in his Gesch. der Med. in tabellariseher Form, says he was born B. c. 1 23, and died B. c. 43, which may possibly be quite correct, though he has not stated his reasons for giving such exact dates. Nothing more is known of the events of his life, except that he seems to have travelled a good deal ; as he mentions Crete and Milan, appa- rently as an eye-witness (ap. Cael. Aurel. De Morb. Add. iii. 1 8, p. 252). Neither is it certain whether