Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 2.djvu/95

Rh EUDOXIA. those used in the Lexicon of Suidas. The sources are examined and described by Meineke in his Ohservationes in Eudociae Violetum, in the fifth and sixth vohimes of the Bihlioilieh der alten lAt- teratur und Kunst, Gottingen, 1 789. 9. Daughter of Andronicus Comnenus, second son of the Byzantine emperor Calo- Joannes, Slie was married, but to whom is unknown ; and after her husband's death lived in concubinage with Andronicus, her cousin, afterwards emperor as Andronicus I. Her second liusband was Michael Gabras, to whom she was married. We can give no exact dates of the few incidents known of her life. She lived in the middle of the twelfth cen- tury. (Michael Glycas, Manuel Comnenus, Lib. iii. pp. 135, 136, Lib. iv. p. 173, ed. Bonn.) [J. C. M.] EUDO'RA (EuScJ^T?), a daughter of Nereus and Doris. (Hes. Tlmog.2U ; Apollod. i. 2. § 7.) There are two more mythical personages of this name. (Hes. Theog. 360; Hygin. Fab. 192.) [L. S.] EUDO'RUS (Ei/'Sw^os), a son of Hermes and Polymele, was brought up hy his grandfather Phy- las. He was one of the five leaders of the Myrmi- dones under Achilles, who sent him out to accom- pany Patroclus, and to prevent the latter from venturing too far; but Eudorus was slain by Pyraechmus. (Horn. II. xvi. 179, &c. ; Eustath. ad Horn. p. 1697.) [L. S.] EUDO'RUS (EuSwpos) is mentioned by Alex- ander Aphrodisiensis {ad Arist. Meiapli. p. 26, ed, Paris. 1536, fol.) as a commentator on Aris- totle's Metaphysics, in which he is said to have altered several passages. Simplicius likewise speaks of a Peripatetic philosopher of this name, and relates that he had written on the Aristotelian Categories. We do not know, however, if this be the same person. Eudorus, whom Alexander A phrodisiensis mentions, was a native of Alexan- dria, and had, like Ariston of Alexandria, written a work on the Nile. (Strab. xvii. p. 790 ; comp. Fabric. BihlGraec. vol. i. p. 845, vol. iii. pp. 172, 492). [A. S.] EUDO'RUS, a scene-painter and statuary in bronze, of second-rate merit. (Plin. xxxv. 11. s. 40. § 34.) [P. S.] EUDO'XIA (EuSoli'a), the name of several princesses chiefly of the Eastern or Byzantine em- pire. 1. The daughter of the Frank Bauto, married to the emperor Arcadius, a. d. 395, by whom she had four daughters, Flacilla or Flaccilla or Fal- cilla, Pulcheria, Arcadia, and Marina, and one son, Theodosius IL or the younger. She was a woman of high spirit, and exercised great influence over her husband : to her persuasion his giving up of the eunuch Eutropius into the power of his enemies may be ascribed. She was involved in a fierce contest with Chrysostom, who fearlessly in- veighed against the avarice and luxury of the court, and scrupled not to attack the empress herself. The particulars of the struggle are given elsewhere. [Chrysostom us, Joannes.] She died of a miscarriage in the sixth consulship of Honorius, A. D. 404, or, according to Theophanes, A. D. 406. The date of her death is carefully dis- cussed by Tillemont. {Histoire des Empereurs, vol. v. p. 785.) Cedrenus narrates some curious particulars of her death, but their credibility is very doubtful. (Philostorgius, Hist. Eccles. apud PJio- tium ; Marcellinus, Chronicon ; Socrates, Hist. VOL. II. EUDOXIUS. 81 Eccles. vi. 18; Cassiodor. Hist. Tripart. x. 20 ; Theophanes, Chronographia ad A. M. 6892, 97, 98, Alex, era ; Cedrenus, Compend. vol. i. p. 585, ed. Bonn.) 2. Daughter of Theodosius II. and of Eudocia, born A. D. 422, and betrothed soon after to Valen- tinian, son of the emperor Honorius, who after- wards was emperor of the West as Valentinian III. and to whom she was married at Constantinople in A. D. 436 or 437. On the assassination of her husband by Maximus (a. d. 455), who usurped the throne, she was compelled to marry the usurper; but, resenting both the death of her husband and the violence offered to herself, she instigated Gen- seric, king of the Vandals, who had conquered Africa, to attack Rome. Genseric took the city. Maximus was slain in the flight, and Eudoxia and her daughters, Eudocia and Placidia, were carried by the Vandal king to Carthage. After being detained in captivity some years, she was sent with her daughter Placidia and an honourable attendance to Constantinople. [See Eudocia, No. 1, and the authorities subjoined there.] The coins of the empresses Eudocia and Eudoxia are, from the two names being put one for the other, difficult to be assigned to their respective persons. (See Eckhel, Doctrina Num. Veterum^ vol. viii. p. 170.) [J. C. M.] EUDO'XIUS, commonly cited with the addi- tion Heros, was a Graeco-Roman jurist, Avho flourished shortly before Justinian. Panciroli {de Claris Interpp. Juris., p. 63) places him too early in supposing that he was the Pr. Pr. to whom were addressed the constitution of Theodosius and Va- lentinian of A. D, 427 (Cod. 1. tit, 8. s. 1), and the constitution of Arcadius and Honorius. (Cod. 2. tit. 77. s. 2.) He is mentioned in Const. Tanta., § 9, as the grandfather of Anatolius, professor of law at Berytus, who was one of the compilers of the Digest. The appellation Heros is not a proper name, but a title of excellency, and is placed some- times before, and sometimes after, the name. Thus, in Basil, vi, p, 227, we have 6 "Hpojs Ei)5o|fos, and, in Basil, iii. p. 60, EuSo^jos 6 "Hpcos. We find the same title applied to Patricius, Amblichus (qu. lamblichus, Basil, iii. p. 256), and Cyrillus {Basil, iv. p. 702). Heimbach {Anecdota, i. p. 202) is inclined to think that, like the expression o /naKapLTTis, it was used by the Graeco-Roman jurists of and after the age of Justinian as a desig- nation of honour in speaking of their predecessors who had died witlun their memory. Eudoxius was probably acquainted with the original writings of the classical jurists, for from Basil, ii. p, 454 (ed, Heimbach) it appears that he quoted Ulpian's treatise De Officio Froconsulis. From the citations of Eudoxius in the Basilica, he appears to have written upon the constitutions of emperors earlier than Justinian, and thence Reiz {ad TlieopMum., pp. 1234 — 1246) infers that he commented upon the Gregorian, Hermogenian, and Theodosian codes, from which those constitutions were transferred into the Code of Justinian. It is probably to the commentaries of Eudoxius, Leon- tius, and Patricias on the three earlier codes that Justinian (Const. Tanta., § 9) alludes, when he says of them " optimam sui memoriam in Legibus reliquerunt," for the imperatorial constitutions were often called Leges, as distinguished from the Jui of the jurists. In Basil, ii. p. 644, Thalelaeus, who survived