Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 2.djvu/927

Rh MAMMAS. his father-in-law, who, according to the beautiful lay preserved by Livy, roused the Latin people against the infant republic, and perished in the great battle at the lake Regillus, by the hands of T. Herminius, whom he also slew. (Liv. i. 49, ii. 15, 19, 20; Dionys. iv. 45, v. 4 — vi. 12 ; Cic. de Nat. Deor. ii. 2, ad Att. ix. 10.) 2. L. Mamilius, dictator or chief magistrate at Tusculura in b. c. 460, marched in that year un- summoned to the assistance of Rome when it was attacked by Herdonius. For his services on this occasion he was rewarded two years afterwards with the Roman franchise. (Liv. iii. 18, 29; Dionys. x. 16.) 3. C. Mamilius, plebeian aedile, b. c. 207. (Liv. xxvii. 36.) MAMMAS (GREGO'RIUS), or MELISSE'- NUS (GREGO'RIUS), a monk of the latest By- zantine period. We first read of him as negotiator in reconciling the brothers of the emperor Joannes IL Palaeologus. He was one of the Greek ecclesias- tics, who accompanied the emperor, A. d. 1433, to the synod of Ferrara, and then held the office of nuevfjLOr TiKos, " Pneumaticus," "Pater Spiritualis," or Con- fessor to the Emperor. Reappears to have gone un- willingly ; and Sguropulus (not, however, a very trustworthy witness) has recorded a saying of his to one of his confidential friends, " If I go there, I will work all manner of evil." At first, after his arrival in Italy, he was most vehement in his de- clarations of hostility to the Latin church ; but he was led, apparently by a quarrel with Marcus Eu- genicus, archbishop of Ephesus, and the great champion of the Greek church, and by a present or a pension from the pope (Sgurop. viii. 6) to pass over to the opposite side, and become a warm ad- vocate of the union of the churches. Just before the removal of the synod from Ferrara to Florence, the emperor conferred on him the post of proto- syncellus ; and in A. d. 1446 he was appointed patriarch of Constantinople ; but this was against liis will ; and after holding that dignity for about five years, he escaped from Constantinople, where his Latinizing opinions and his support of the union made him odious, and the fall of which he foresaw must soon take place, and fled into Italy. He died at Rome A. D. 1459, and was buried there. His memory is held in great reverence by the Roman Catholics ; and it has even been asserted that miracles were wrought at his tomb. Sguro- pulus generally calls Gregorius by his name and title of office, without his surname. Phranza calls him Gregorius Melissenus (d Mv^icrffrjuos), but states that others called him Strategopulus (Sxpo- T7j7d7rouA.os), a name which, as Phranza elsewhere (ii. 2) states, many members of the illustrious family of the Melisseni had derived from Alexius Strategopulus, who had recovered Constantinople out of the hands of the Latins. The name Mam- mas (d M.diJ.fjL7]) is given him by the author of the Historia Politica in the Turco-Graecia of Crusius. (Sguropulus, Hist. Condi. Florent. iii. 20, v. 15, vi. 23, 24, vii. 14, viii. 6, &c. ; Phranza, An- 7iales^ ii. 12, 15, 19, iii. 1 ; Le Quien, Oriens Chrislianus^ vol. i. col. 309.) The works of Gregorius are as follows : 1. 'Airo- Koyia Tpriyopiov lepououdx^'v rod fxeydXov irpuro- 7vyK4ov, TOW TTvev/jiaTiKov^ rod varepov XPVH''^- rtfravTos irarpLdpxo^^ i^"-^ f" 'P'^M?? racpevTos Koi dafiuaTovpyouuTos, di rrjv rod 'E<peaov eiri<TToilv VOL. ri. MAMURRA. 913 Protosyncelli et a Confessionibm, qui postmodum creatus est Patriarclui^ et Romae sepultus corus- cavit Miracidis, Responsio ex variis Sanctorum Sententiis ad Epistulam Marci EpJiesii. This answer was translated into Latin by Joannes Mat- thaeus Caryophilus, and subjoined by him to the second volume of the Acta Concilii Florentini: it is reprinted in some editions of the Concilia^ e. g. in the last vol. of that of Binius, in vol. xiii. of that of Labbe, and in that of Hardouin, vol. ix. col. 601 — 670. This work is twice mentioned by Fabri- cius ; first as Antitrheticus adversus Marci Epiiesii Epistolam, and then as Apologia s. Responsio ad Epistolam Epiiesii, as if he was speaking of two distinct works. 2. Tpriyopiov TtpbyrocrvyKeWov Trarpiapxcv ^KwvcTTavTivovirdXfws irpos rov /Stwrt- Aea TpaTre^owj/Tos, Gregorii Protosyncelli^ Patri- archae Constantinopolitani, ad Imperatorem Tra- pezuntis. This is given in the Graecia Orikodoxa of Allatius, vol. i. p. 419, 4to. Rome, 1652, with a Latin version by the editor. These are the only works of Gregory which have been published ; but there are extant in MS. : 3, ^Anokoyia ets t7)j/ toO 'E(pe(rou oixoKoyiav, Apologia in Confessionem Marci Ephesii. This is in the libraries of Florence and Munich. 4. UpayixaTita., Tractatus, sc. de Si/nodo FlorentinOy mentioned by Gregory himself in his 'hiroKoyia {Condi, vol. ix. col. 658, c. ed. Hardouin), and described by Fabricius as Apologia pro quinque Capitibus Florentini Cmicilii. Many Epistolae of Gregory are, or were, extant in the Vatican library. (Fabric. Bill. Grace, vol. xi. p. 393 ; Cave, Hist. Litt. {Appendix) ad ann. 1440, vol. ii. Appendix^ p. 152, ed. Oxford, 1740 — 42 ; Bandini, Catalog. Codd. MSS. Biblioth. Medic, Laur. vol. i. pp. 483, 484 ; Aretin s. Hardt, Catalog. Codd. MStorum Biblioth. Req. Bavar. vol. i. pp. 146, 147.) [J. C. M.] MA'MMULA, the name of a patrician family of the Cornelia gens, but which never became of much importance in the state. 1. A. Cornelius Mammula, was praetor, b. c. 217, at the commencement of the second Punic war, in which year he vowed a ver sacrum {Diet, of Ant. s. v.), but this vow was not fulfilled till B. c. 195 (Liv. xxxiii. 44, compared with xxii, 9, sub fin.). In B. c. 216 Mammula was propraetor in Sardinia, and applied in vain to the senate for corn and pav for his troops. (Liv. xxiii. 21 j VaL Max. vii. 6.'§ 1.) 2. A. Cornelius Mammula, praetor b. c. 191, in which year the war with Antiochus broke out, received as his province the southern part of Italy (Bruttii). (Liv. xxxv. 24, xxxvi. 2, xxxvii. 2,4.) 3. P. Cornelius Mammula, praetor b. c. 180, with the province of Sicily. (Liv. xl. 35.) 4. M. Cornelius Mammula, was sent with four others as ambassador to Perseus, king of Macedonia, and Ptolemy, king of Egypt, in b. c. 173. (Liv. xlii. 6.) MAMU'RIUS VETU'RIUS. [Veturius.] MAMURRA, a Roman knight, born at Formiae, was the commander of the engineers {prae/ectus fabruia) in Julius Caesar's army in Gaul. He anuissed great riches, the greater part of which, however, he owed to Caesar's liberality. He is mentioned by Pliny as the first person at Rome who covered all the walls of his house with layers of marble, and also as the first, all of the columns in whose house were made of solid marble. In one of the poems of Catullus, addressed to Caesar {Carm 3k
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