Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 2.djvu/878

Rh 664 LYSIADES. possessed of much influence, but in the confusion that followed the death of Seleucus a few months after we hear no more either of her or her children. (Paus. i. 10. § 3—5.) [E. H. B.] LYSA'NIAS (Ava-avias). 1. An Athenian of the deme Sphettus who, according to some accounts, was the father of Aeschines, the disciple of Socrates. (Plat. ApoL Socr. c. 22 ; Diog. Laert. ii. 60.) 2. The father of Cephalus, one of the inter- locutors in the republic of Plato. (Plat. Polit. p. 330, b.) 3. A friend of Alexander the Great. In con- junction with Pliilotas he was sent to the coast, in charge of the booty taken after the victory over the Thracians, b. c. 335. (Arrian. i. 2.) 4. A Greek grammarian, a native of Gyrene. He is mentioned by Athenaeus as the author of a work on the Iambic poets (vii. p. 304 b, xiv. p. 620 c). Suidas (s. v. 'EpaToadevTis) speaks of him as the instructor of Eratosthenes. It is perhaps the same who is mentioned by Diogenes Laertius (vi. 23) as the son of Aeschrion. 5. Tetrarch of Abilene. He was put to death by Antony, to gratify Cleopatra, B. c. 36. (Dion Cass. xlix. 32 ; Joseph. Ant. Jtid. xv. 4. § 1.) 6. A descendant of the last, who was tetrarch of Abilene, at the time when our Saviour entered upon his ministry (Luke, iii. 1). He died pro- bably about the time when the emperor Claudius ascended the throne. In the first year of the reign of this emperor the tetrarchy of Lysanias was conferred upon Herod Agrippa. (Joseph. Ant. Jud.xx.7.%.) [C.P.M.] LYSA'NIAS, a statuary, whose name occurs in an inscription on a base found in the island of Scio, Aiaavias Aiovvcrov rou Aiouvaou Karea- Kfvaa€^ whence it appears that the artist's father was named Dionysus, and that the statue was one of the god Dionysus. The word Karea-icevaa-e might indeed refer to the dedication of the statue ; but there are other inscriptions, in which it un- doubtedly designates the artist. Dionysus is fre- quently found as a man's name, as well as the commoner form, Dionysius. (.Winckelraan, Gesch. d. Kunst, bk. xi. c. 3. § 26, Meyer's note.) [P. S.] LYSANO'RIDAS {Avaavopihas), one of the three Spartan harmosts who surrendered the Cad- meia to the Theban exiles in B. c. 379. His two colleagues Herippidas or Hermippidas and Arcesus were executed by the Spartan government ; but as Lysanoridas was absent on the night of the in- surrection, he met with a less severe punishment, and was sentenced to pay a large sum of money. Being unable, however, to do this, he went into voluntary exile. {Vxt. Pelop. Z, De Gen.Socrat. 5, 17, 34 ; Diod. xv. 27.) It was related by Theopompus (ap. Athen. xiii. p. 609, b.) that Ly- sandridas, by whom he probably means Lysanoridas, was expelled from Sparta by the intrigues of his enemy Agesilaus, and that his mother Xenopeitheia, the most beautiful woman in the Peloponnesus, and his sister Chryse, were put to death by the Lacedaemonians. LY'SIADES (Awo-iciStjs). 1. An Athenian poet, (probably dithyrambic, since his victory was gained with a chorus of boys), whose name appears on the choragic monument of Lysicrates, which fixes his date to 01. cxi. 2, B. c. 335. [Lysicrates.] 2. An Epicurean philosopher of Athens, the son of the celebrated philosopher Phaedrus, was con- temporary with Cicero, who speaks of him as LYSIAS. " homo festivus," and attacks his appointment by Antony as a judge. {Pkilipp. v. 5, viii. 9.) 3. A Pythagorean philosopher of Catana. (lam- blich. Vit. Pyth. 36.) [P. S.] LYSIANASSA {Avaridvacraa)^ the name of three mythical personages, none of whom is of any interest. (Hesiod. Tlieog. 258 ; ApoUod. ii. 5. § 11 ; Paus. ii. 6. §3.) [L. S.] LY'SIAS (Auo-tas), 1. An Athenian, who, ac- cording to Diodorus (xiii. 74), was one of the ten generals appointed to succeed Alcibiades in the command of the fleet, b. c. 406. His name indeed does not occur in the list of them as given by Xenophon {Heh. i. 5. § 16), but that author agrees with Diodorus in mentioning him shortly after as one of those who actually held the command at the battle of Arginusiie, on which occasion his trireme was sunk, and he himself made his escape with difficulty. It was only to encounter a worse fate, for on his return to Athens with five of his col- leagues, they were all six immediately brought to trial, condemned, and executed, op the charge of having neglected to carry off the bodies of the citi- zens who had fallen in the action. (Xen. Hell. i. 6. § 30, 7; Diod. xiii. 99, iOl ; Philochorus, ap. Schol. ad Aristoph. Ran. 1196.) 2. A general under Seleucus Nicator, who in b. c. 286, by the command of that prince, occupied the passes of Mount Amanus, so as to prevent the escape of Demetrius Poliorcetes, who, in conse- quence, fell into the hands of Seleucus. (Polyaen. iv. 9. § 5 ; comp. Plut. Demetr. 49.) 3. One of the ambassadors sent by Antiochus the Great, in B.C. 19, to meet the ten deputies appointed by the Romans to settle, together with Flamininus, the affairs of Greece. Pie was after- wards present at the interview of the king with the Roman ambassadors at Lysimachia. (Polyb. xviii. 30, 33.) According to Appian {Syr. 6), he also accompanied Hegesianax and Menippus on their embassy to Rome in b. c. 1 93, though he is not mentioned on that occasion by Livy (xxxiv. 57—59). 4. A general and minister of Antiochus Epi- phanes, who enjoyed so high a place in the con- fidence of that monarch, that when Antiochus set out for the upper provinces of his empire in b. c. 1 GQ^ he not only entrusted Lysias with the care of his son Antiochus, but gave him the sole command of the provinces from the Euphrates to the sea. Lysias was especially charged to prosecute the war against the Jews, and accordingly hastened to send an army into Judaea, under the command of Pto- lemy, the son of Dorymenes, Nicanor, and Gorgias; but these generals were totally defeated near I^m- maus by Judas Maccabaeus. The next year Ly- sias in person took the field, with a very large army, but effected nothing of importance. News soon after arrived of the death of Antiochus at Tabae, in Persia (b. c. 164), on which Lysias im- mediately caused the young prince under his charge to be proclaimed king, by the title of Antiochus Eupator, and himself assumed the sovereign power as his guardian, although that office had been con- ferred by Antiochus Epiphanes on his death-bed upon another of his ministers named Philip. A new expedition against the Jews was now under- taken by Lysias, accompanied by the young king: they made themselves masters of the strong fortress of Bethsura, and compelled Judas to fall back upon Jerusalem, Avhere they besieged him in the temple,