Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 2.djvu/732

Rh 718 LAODICE. nous, king of the Phaeacians, and Arete, was tlie favourite of his father. (Horn. Od. vii. 170, viii. 116, &c., 130, 370.) 2. A son of Antenor, was slain at Troy by tlie Telamonian Ajax. {Rom. II. xv. 516.) 3. A son of Eteocles, and king of Thebes : in his youth he had been under the guardianship of Creon. (Pans. i. 39. § 2.) It was in his reign that the Epigoni marched against Thebes. Laoda- mas offered them a battle on the river Glisas, and slew their leader Aegialeus, but he himself was killed by Alcmaeon. (ApoUod. iii. 7. § 3.) Others related, that after the battle was lost, Laodamas fled in the night with the remnant of his army, and took refuge in the territory of the Encheleans in Illyricum. (Paus. ix. 5. § 7; Herod, v. 61.) [L. S.] LAODAMEIA (AaoSa^eta). 1. A daughter of Bellerophontes, became by Zeus the mother of Sarpedon, and was killed by Artemis while she was engaged in weaving. (Hom. II. vi. 197 — 205.) 2. A daughter of Acastus, and wife of Protesi- laus. As the latter, shortly after his marriage, joined the Greeks in their expedition against Troy, and was the first that was killed there, Laodameia sued for the favour of the gods to be allowed to converse with him only for three hours. The re- quest was granted : Hei-mes led Protesilaus back to the upper world, and when Protesilaus died a second time, Laodameia died with him. (Ov. Heroid. xiii. Ep. ex Pont. iii. 1, 110 ; Catull. 64. 74, &c. ; Lucian, Dial. Mori, xxiii. 1 ; Serv. ad Aen. vi. 447.) A later tradition states, that after the second death of Protesilaus, Laodameia»made an image of her husband, to which she payed di- vine honours ; but as her father Acastus interfered, and commanded her to burn the image, she herself leaped into the fire. (Hygin. Fab. 103, 104.) 3. A daughter of Amyclas and Diomede, and the mother of Triphylus by Areas. (Paus. x. 9. § 3.) Some writers call her Leaneira. (Apollod. iii. 9. § ^•) 4. The nurse of Orestes, is also called Arsinoe. (Schol. ad Find. Fyth. xi. 25 ; ad Aeschyl. Choeph. 731; comp. Arsinob.) 5. A daughter of Alcmaeon, and wife of Pejeus. (Schol. ad Hom. II. ii. 684.) [L. S.] LAO'DICE (Aao5i/c7j). 1. A Hyperborean maiden, who, together with Hyperoche, and five companions, was sent from the country of the Hy- perboreans to carry sacrifices to the island of Delos. (Herod, iv. 33.) 2. A nymph, by whom Phoroneus became the father of Apis and Niobe. (Apollod. ii. 1. § 1.) 3. A daughter of Cinyras, and the mother of Stymphalus and Pereus. (Apollod. iii. 9. § 1, 14. §3.) 4. A daughter of Priam and Hecabe, and the wife of Helicaon. (Hom. //. iii. 123; Paus. x. 26.) According to another tradition, she was the beloved of Acamas, the son of Theseus, who, with Diomedes, went as ambassador to Troy, and by whom she became the mother of Munitus. ( Par- then. En-ot. 16.) On the death of this son, Lao- dice, in her grief, leaped down a precipice ( Lycoph. 497), or was swallowed up by the earth. (Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 513, 547.) Pausanias {I. c.) saw her represented in the Lesche of Delphi, among the captive Trojan women. Hyginus {Fah. J 01) calls her the wife of Telephus. 5. A daughter of Agamemnon and Cljtaem- LAODICE. nostra (Hom. //. ix. 146), but the tragic poets c?.Il her Klcctra. (llesych. s. •y. ; Electra.) 6. A daughter of Agapenor, who founded a sanctuary of the Paphian Aphrodite at Tegea, and sent to Athena Alea a peplus from Cyprus. (Paus. viii. 5. § 2, 53. § 2.) [L. S.] LAO'DICE (AaoSkTj). 1. Wife of Antiochus, a general of distinction in the service of Philip of Macedon, and mother of Seleucus, the founder of the Syrian monarchy. It was pretended, in con- sequence of a dream which she had, that Apollo was the real father of her child. (Justin, xv. 4.) No less than five cities were founded by Seleucus in different parts of his dominions, which bore in her honour the name of Laodiceia. (Appian, Syr. 2. Wife of Antiochus II. Theos, king of Syria, and mother of Seleucus Callinicus. According to Eu- sebius (luiseb. Arm. p. 164), she was a daughter of Achaeus, probably the same as the father of Antiochis, who was mother of Attalus I., king of Pergamus. (See Clinton. F. II. iii. pp. 310, 401.) The statement of Polyaenus (viii. 50), that she was a daughter of Antiochus Soter, though followed by Froelich (A7m. Reg. Syriac. p. 26), is probably erroneous. (See Niebuhr, A7. ScUrift. p. 257 ; Droj'sen, Hellenism, ii. p. 317.) By the peace concluded between Antiochus and Ptolemy Phila- delphus (b. c. 248), it was agreed that the former should marry Berenice, the sister of the Egyptian monarch, and should not only put away Laodice, but declare her children illegitimate. Antiochus complied for a time, but as soon as he heard of the death of Ptolemy he hastened to recal Laodice and her children. The latter, however, either mis- trusting her husband's constancy, and apprehensive of a second change, or in revenge for the slight already put upon her, took an early opportunity to put an end to his life by poison (b. c. 246) ; at the same time artfully concealing his death until slie had taken all necessary measures, and was able to establish her son Seleucus at once upon the throne. Her next step was to order the execution of her rival Berenice and her infant son, who were put to death in the sacred grove of Daphne, where they had taken refuge. An incidental notice, preserved to us by Athenaeus (xiii. p. 593), shows that these were far from being the only victims sacrificed to her vengeance. But she did not long retain the power acquired by so many crimes. The people of Syria broke out into revolt; and Ptolemy Euergctcs having invaded the kingdom, to avenge his sister's fate, overran almost the whole country. According to Appian, Laodice herself fell into his hands, and was put to death ; Plutarch, on the contrary {l)e Fratern. Amor. 18, p. 489), represents her as sur- viving this war, and afterwards stinmlating her youngest son, Antiochus Hierax, to make war on his brother Seleucus. (Appian, Syr. Go, 66 ; Justin, xxvii. 1 ; Polyaen. xiii. 50 ; Hieronym. ad Daniel, xi. ; Val. Max. ix. 1 4, ext. 9 1 ; Plin. //. N. vii. 10.) Besides these two sons, Laodice had two daughters, one of whom was married to Mithri- dates IV., king of Pontus, the other to Ariarathes, king of Cappadocia. (Euseb. Arm. p. 164.) Both of these are called by different authors Stratonice ; but Niebuhr has conjectured (Kl. Schrifi. p. 261) that only one of them really bore that name, and the other that of Laodice. 3. Wife of Seleucus Callinicus, was, according to the express statement of Polybius (iv. 51, viii.