Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 2.djvu/67

Rh ESQUILINUS. tioned above. Of the Duhitationes no further ac- count is given ; but the subject, as far as it is indi- cated by the title, renders it very doubtful if the work belongs to the Egyptian Monk, The Ascetica and Opuscula of Esaias, described in Catalogues, are perhaps portions or extracts of the works noticed above. This is probably the case with the passages given by Cotelerius among the " Sayings of the Fathers." (Palladius, Hist. Lausiaca^ c. 18. ed. Meursius, Ley den, 1616; Tillemont, Mtinoires, vol. vii. p. 426 ; Cave, Hist. Lit. vol. i. p. 254, ed. Oxford, 1740-3 ; Bibliothe- ca Patrum., vol. xii. p. 384, &c. ed. Lyon, 1677 ; Assemanni, Bibliotheca Orientalis, vol. iii. par. i. p. 46, note ; Cotelerius, Ecdesiae Graeeae Monu- me?da, vol. i. p. 445, &c. ; Fabric. Bibl. Graec, vol. ix. p. 282, vol. xi. p. 395, Bibliotlieca Mediae et Infimae LatinHatis, vol. ii. p. 109 ; Catalogus MStormn Bibliothecae Regiae^ vol. ii., Paris, 1704.) 3. The Persian. The Ada of the Martj'rs, Saints Jonas and Barachisius in the Acta Sanc- torum of the Bollandists, are a version of a Greek narrative, then, and probably still, extant in the Li- brary of the Republic of Venice, purporting to be drawn up by Esaias. the son of Adam, one of the horsemen (" eques,") of Sapor, King of Persia, un- der whom the martyrs suffered. {Acta Sanctorum, Martii, vol. iii. p. 770, &c.) [J. C. M.] ESQUILI'NUS, a name of several families at Rome, which they obtained from living on the Esquiline hill. The name also occurs as an agno- men to distinguish a member or a branch of a par- ticular family from others of the same name. 1. An agnomen of P. LiciNius Calvus, both father and son. [Calvus, Nos. 1, 2.] 2. An agnomen of L. MiNUCius AuGURipfus and Q. Minucius Augurinus, though, according to the Fasti, Augurinus would be the agnomen and Esquilinus the cognomen. [Augurinus IL, Nos. 3,4.] • 3. L. or M. Sergius Esquilinus, one of the second decemvirate, B. c. 450. (Liv. iii. 35 ; Dionys, x. 58, xi. 23.) 4. An agnomen of the Virginii Tricosti. Almost all the members of the Virginia gens had the surname Tricostus, and those who dwelt on the Esquiline had the surname Esquilinus, just as those living on the Caelian hill had the surname Caeliomontanus. Two members of the gens have the surname Esquilinus, namel^, Opiter Virgi- NIU8 Tricostus Esquilinus, who was consul in B. c. 478, filling the place of C. Servilius Structus Ahala, who died in his year of office (Fasti)., and his grandson, L. Virginius Tricostus Esquili- nus, consular tribune in B. c. 402. The conduct of the siege of Veil was entrusted to the latter and his colleague M'. Sergius Fidenas, but in conse- quence of their private enmity the campaign was a disastrous one. The Capenates and Falisci ad- vanced to the relief of Veil. The two Roman generals had each the command of a separate camp : Sergius was attacked by the allies and a sally from the town at the same time, and let himself be overpowered by numbers, because he would not ask his colleague for assistance, and Virginius would not send it because it was not asked. In consequence of their misconduct, they were forced to lesign their office before their year had expired. In the following year they were brought to trial and condemned by the people to pay a heavy fine. (Liv. V. 8, 9, 11, 12.) ETEONICUS. 53 ETEARCHUS {'ET^apxos). 1. An ancient king of the city of Axus in Crete, who, accordinj^ to the Cyrenaean accounts, was the grandfather of Battus I., king of Cyrene. The story of the way in which he was induced to plan the death of his daughter Phronime, at the instigation of her step- mother, and of the manner in which she was pre- served and taken to Cyrene, is told by Herodotus (iv. 154, 155). 2. A king of the Ammonians, mentioned by Herodotus (ii. 32) as the authority for some ac- counts which he heard from certain Cyrenaeans of an expedition into the interior of Africa undertaken by five youths of the Nasamones. [C. P. M.] ETEMUNDIS, the name prefixed to an epi- gram of two lines to be found in Burmann, Anthol. Lot. iii. 283, or n. 547, ed. Meyer, but of whom nothing is known. [W". R.] ETEOCLES ('EreoKA^s.) 1. A son of Andreua and Evippe, or of Cephisus, who was said to have been the first that ottered sacrifices to the Charites at Orchomenos, in Boeotia. (Pans. ix. 34. § 5, 35. § 1 ; Theocrit. xvi. 104 ; SchoL ad Find. 01. xiv. 1 ; Miiller, Orchom. p. 128.) 2. A son of Oedipus and Jocaste. After his father's flight from Thebes, he and his brother Polyneices undertook the government of Thebes by turns. But, in consequence of disputes having arisen between the brothers, Polyneices fled to Adrastus, who then brought about the expedition of the Seven against Thebes. [Adrastus.] Whenmany of the heroes had fallen, Eteocles and Polyneices resolved upon deciding the contest by a single com- bat, but both the brothers fell. (Apollod. iii. 5.^8, 6. §§ 1, 5, &c. ; Paus. ix. 5. $ 6 ; comp. Eurip. Fhoen. 67 ; Jocaste.) [L. S] ETEOCLUS ('ETe'o/cAos) a son of Iphis, was, according to some traditions, one of the seven heroes who went with Adrastus against Thebes. He had to make the attack upon the Neitian gate, where he was opposed by Megareus. (Aeschyl. Sept. c. Theb. 444, &c. ; Apollod. iii. 6. § 3.) He is said to have won a prize in the foot-race at the Nemean games, and to have been killed by Leades. (Apol- lod. iii. 6. §§ 4, 8.) Plis statue stood at Delphi, among those of the other Argive heroes. (Paus. x. 10. ^ 2 ; Eustath. ad Horn. p. 1042.) [L. S.] ETEONICUS {'EreSviKos), a Lacedaemonian, who in B. c. 412 was lieutenant under the admiral Astyochus, and assisted him in his unsuccessful operations against Lesbos. (Thuc, viii. 23.) He was afterwards harmost in Thasos, but in 410, together with the Lacedaemonian party, was ex- pelled by the Thasians. (Xen. Hell. i. 1. § 32.) In 406 we find him serving under Callicratidas, who left him to blockade Conon in Mytilene, while he himself went to meet the Athenian reinforce- ments. After the battle of Arginusae, by means of a stratagem, Eteonicus succeeded in drawing off the land forces to Methymna, while he directed the naval forces to make with all speed for Chios, where he found means of rejoining them not long afterwards. In the course of his stay here, he, with considerable energy and promptitude, defeated a plot formed by some of the troops under his command to seize Chios. (Xen. Hell. i. 6. § 26, 36, &c., ii. 1. § 1, &c.) It is probably this Eteo- nicus whom we find mentioned in the Anabasis (vii. 1. § 12) apparently serving as 5j,n officer under Anaxibius at Byzantium, (b. c. 400.) Eleven years afterwards (389), he is mentioned as being