Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 2.djvu/606

Rh ^92 JOANNES. 25. Cananus. [Cananus,] 26. Cantacuzknus. [Joannes V., emperor See above.] 27. Cappadox, or the Cappadocian(I). John the Cappadocian was made patriarch of Constanti- nople (he was the second patriarch of the name of John, Chrysostom being John I,) a. d. 517 or 518, a short time before the death of the aged emperor Anastasius. Of his previous history and opinions we have little or no information, except that he was, before his election to the patriarchate, a pres- byter and syncellus of Constantinople. Subsequent events rather indicate that his original leaning was to the opponents of the Council of Chalcedon : but he had either too little firmness or too little principle to follow out steadily the inclination of his own mind, but appears to have been in a great degree the tool of others. On the death of Anastasius and the accession of Justin I. the orthodox party among the inhabitants of Constan- tinople raised a ttmiult, and compelled John to anathematize Severus of Antioch, and to insert in the diptychs the names of the fathers of the Council of Chalcedon, and restore to them those of the pa- triarchs Euphemius and Macedonius. These dip- tychs were two tables of ecclesiastical dignitaries, one containing those who were living, and the other those who had died, in the peace and communion of the church, so that insertion was a virtual declaration of orthodoxy; erasure, of heresy or schism. These measures, extorted in the first instance by popular violence, were afterwards sanctioned by a synod of forty bishops. In A. d. 519 John, at the desire and almost at the command of the emperor Justin, sought a reconciliation with the Western church, from which, during the reign of Anastasius, the Eastern churches had been disunited. John ac- cepted the conditions of pope Hormisdas, and anathematized the opponents of the Council of Chalcedon, erasing from the diptychs the names of Acacius, Eupliemius, and Macedonius, three of his predecessors, and inserting those of popes Leo I. and Hormisdas himself. Hormisdas, on this, wrote a congratulatory letter to John, exhorting him to seek to bring about the reconciliation of the pa- triarchs of Antioch and Alexandria to the orthodox church. John the Cappadocian died about the be- ginning or middle of the year 520, as appears b}' a letter of Hormisdas to his successor, Epiphanius. John the Cappadocian wrote several letters or other papers, a few of which are still extant. Two short letters ('ETTjo-ToAaf), one to Joannes or John, patriarch of Jerusalem, and one to Epiphanius, bishop of Tyre, are printed in Greek, with a Latin version, in the Concilia, among the documents re- lating to the Council of Constantinople in a. d. 536. (Vol. V. col. 185, ed. Labbe, vol. viii. col. 1065 — 1067, ed. Mansi.) Four Relationes or Li- helli are extant only in a Latin version among the Epistolae of pope Hormisdas in the Concilia. (Vol. iv. col. 1472, 1486, 1491, 1521, ed. Labbe ; vol. viii. col. 436, 451, 457, 488, ed. Mansi.) It is remarkable that in the two short Greek letters addressed to Eastern prelates, John takes the title of oiKovfxiPiKds TraTpidpxnSi oecumenical, or universal patriarch, and is supposed to be the first that assumed this ambitious designation. It is remarkable, however, that in those pieces of his, which were addressed to pope Hormisdas, and which are extant only in the Latin version, the title does not appear ; and circumstances are not JOANNES. wanting to lead to the suspicion that its presence in the Greek epistles is owing to the mistake of some transcriber, who has confounded this John the Cappadocian with the subject of the next ar- ticle. It is certainly remarkable that the title, if assumed, should have incurred no. rebuke from the jealousy of the popes, not to speak of the other patriarchs equal in dignity to John ; or that, if once assumed, it should have been dropped again, which it must have been, since the employment of it by the younger John of Cappadocia, many years after, was. violently opposed by pope Gregory I. as an unauthorized assumption. [Joannes Cappa- dox, 2.] We maj' conjecture, perhaps, that it was assumed by the patriarchs of Constantinople with- out opposition from their fellow-prelates in the East during the schism of the Eastern and Western churches, and quietly dropped on the termination of the schism, that it might not prevent the re- establishment of friendly relations. (Theophanes, Chronog. pp. 140—142, ed. Paris, pp. 112, 113, ed. Venice, pp. 253 — 256, ed. Bonn ; Cave, Hist. Litt. vol. i. p. 503 ; Fabric. BibL Gr. vol. xi. p. 99.) 28. Cappadox, or the Cappadocian (2), patri- arch of Constantinople, known by the surname Nestedta (j'Tjo'TeuTTjs), or Jejunator, the Faster. He is Joannes IV. in the list of the patriarchs of Constantinople. He was a deacon of the great church at Constantinople, and succeeded F-utychius [Eutvchius] in the patriarchate A. n. 582, in the reign of the emperor Tiberius IT. In a council held at Constantinople A. D. 589, for the examination of certain charges against Gregory, patriarch of Antioch [Gregorius, ecclesiastical and literary, No. 5 ; Evagrius, No. 3], John assumed the title of universal patriarch {plKovyLfviKos irarpi- dpxv^)-, or perhaps resumed it after it had fallen into disuse. [See above. No. 27.] Upon the in- telligence of this reaching the pope, Pelagius II., he protested against it most loudh% and annulled the acts of the council as informal. A letter written in the most vehement manner by Pelagius to the Eastern bishops who had been present in the council, appears among his Epistolae in the Coji- cilia (Ep. viii. vol. v. col. 948, ed. Labbe, vol. ix. col. 900, ed. Mansi) ; but some doubt has been cast on its genuineness. Gregory I., or the Great, who (in A. D. 590) succeeded Pelagius, was equally earnest in his opposition, and wrote to the emperor Maurice and to the patriarchs of Alex- andria and Antioch, and to John himself, to protest against it. (Gregorius Papa, Epistolae, lib. iv. ep. 32,36, 38, 39, apud Concilia, vol. v. col. 1181, &c., ed. Labbe, vol. x. col. 1206, &c., ed. Mansi.) John, however, retained the title probably till his death (about A. d. 596); and far from being odious to the Greek Christians, was and is re- verenced by them as a saint. John of Cappadocia wrote: 1. ^AKoXovBla koI rd^is M i^o/j.oXoyov/j.evuv avuTayelaa, Conse- quentia et Ordo erga eos qui peccuta confitvntur observanda; called by Cave Liljellus Poenitenti- alis, and by AUatius, Praa-is Graecis praescripia in eonfessione peragenda- This work, there is every reason to conclude, has been much interpolated : and Oudin (De Scriptor. Eccles. vol. i. col. 1473, seq.) affirms is altogether the production of a later age. It is given by Morinus in the Appendix (pp. 77 — 90) to his work, Commentarius Historicus de Disciplina in Administratione Sacramcnti Poeni- ieniiaej fol. Paris, 1651. 2. (i6yos irpos rdv /xeA-