Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 2.djvu/581

Rh IGNATIUS. viii., which, in the Greek text, form the close of the epistle. The Epistle to the Ephesians omits, with some tiifling exceptions, c. ii. — vii., xi. — xxi. ; beside the greater part of c. ix. ; the omitted por- tion forming two-thirds of the Epistle in Greek. The Epistle to the Romans omits considerable por- tions of c. i. — iii., nearly the whole of c. vi. — viii., the greater part of c. ix., and tlie whole of c. x. The conclusion of the Epistle to the Romans in Syriac consists of what appears in the Greek as c. iv. — V. of the Epistle to the Trallians. Mr. Cureton gives an English version, interpaged with the Syriac text, and subjoins the Greek text con- formed to the Syriac, the parts expunged being printed at the foot of the page. In a valuable preface he reviews the history of the Greek text of the Epistles, gives an interesting account of the fruitless endeavours made in the seventeenth cen- tury, by Mr. Huntington, chaplain at Aleppo, (afterwards Provost of Trinity College, Dublin, and Bishop of Raphoe), to discover the Syriac version, and the more recent and successful efforts. He discusses the question whether the Syriac text is to be preferred to the Greek, and argues strongly for its superiority. The interpolations, several of which enforce clerical and episcopal authority, while others support the deity of Jesus Christ, he considers to be subsequent to and intended to bear upon the Arian [Arius] and Aerian [Aerius] controversies. (Pearson, Usher, Jacobson, //. cc. ; Lardner, Credibility ; Fabric. Bibl. Or. vol. vii. 32. &c. ; Galland, Biblioih. Fatrum^ vol. i. Prohg. c. 7, 8 ; Cave, Flist. Litt. vol. i. p. 41, ed. Oxford, 1740; Oudin, de Scriptoribus Eccles. vol. i. cod. 71 ; Ceillier, Auteurs Sacres, vol. i. p. 620.) The name of Ignatius was borne by several of the later patriarchs of Antioch. (See the Hist. Ckronol. Patriarch. Antioch. prefixed to the Acta Sanctorum Julii, vol. iv. ; and Fabric. Bibl. Grace. vol. xiv. p. 38, &c., ed. vet.) 2. Of Constantinople, where he was deacon and sceuophylax, or keeper of the sacred vessels in the great church. He lived in the latter part of the eighth and the beginning of the ninth century, during the patriarchate of Tarasius (a. d. 784 — 806) and Nicephorus (a. d. 806—815), with both of whom he appears to have been connected either as disciple or friend. He was instructed by Tara- sius in poetical composition. He was raised to the metropolitan see of Nicaea, but at what date is not ascertained. It was certainly not till after the second Nicene, or seventh oecumenical council, at which Hypatius appeared as archbishop of Nicaea ; and it was probably not till after the death of Tara- sius, or even of Nicephorus, who died deposed and in exile A. d. 828. Nothing is known of the time of the death of Ignatius. He wrote, 1. Bios Tapa- aiov ToO Tlarpidpxov Koova-TauTivouirdAeoos., Vita Ta- rasii Patriarchae CPolitani. This is extant in the original Greek in MS., but has not been published. A Latin version is given in the De Probatis Sanc- torum Vitis of Surius, and in the Acta Sanctorum of the BoUandists, Februar. 25, vol. iii. p. 576. 2. Bios rov dyiou NLKT}(p6pov, Uarpidpxov Kwv- (TTavTivoviroXeccs, Vita S. Nicephori Patriarchae CPolitani. This is given in the Acta Sanctorum, Martii, 13, vol. ii. appendix, p. 704 ; and a Latin version in the body of the vol. p. 294. As in the title of this work the author is called Diaconus CPolitanns, we are led to suppose that he was not yet archbishop of Nicaea when he wrote it, which IGNATIUS. 567 must have been after the death of Nicephorus. He wrote several other works, which are un- published, and a list of which is given by Fabriciua. (Suidas, s. V. *yvdrios ; Acta Sanctorum., II. cc. ; Fabric. Bibl. Grace, vol. i. p. 635, vi. p. 370, vii. p. 45, x. pp. 297, 329.) 3. Of Constantinople, competitor with Pho- tius for the patriarchate in the ninth century. His original name was Nicetas (Ni/cTfras). He was son of the emperor Michael I. Curopalata or Rhan- gabe [Michael I.], by Procopia, daughter of the emperor Nicephorus I. Logotheta, predecessor of Michael. During the short reign of his father (a. d. 811 — 813), Nicetas commanded the Icanates or life-guards, having been appointed to the post at about ten years of age, and manifested a desire to gain the favour of the soldiers : he also acquired some knowledge and experience in public business. If his age is accurately stated, he must have been born just about the commencement of the century. On the deposition of Michael, and the accession of Leo V. the Armenian [Leo V.], the deposed em- peror and his family shaved their heads, and took refuge in the church called Pharos {^a.pos). Their lives were spared, but Nicetas was castrated, and was obliged to embrace a monastic life, on which occasion his name was changed to Ignatius. As he is said to have been about fourteen at this time, it is probable that these things did not occur till a year or two after his father's deposition. He was educated under a severe master, a zealous Iconoclast, and pursued his new career with the energy of which he had in his boyhood given indications in secular affairs, acquired great reputation for sanctity, and became hegumenos or head of the monastery of Satyrus at Constantinople, He was ordained pres- byter by Basil, bishop of the church Kard. to Udpeov. It is probable that in the Iconoclastic controversy which was then raging in the East, he was, notwithstanding his education, one of the champions of images ; for on the death of Metho- dius, patriarch of Constantinople, whose zeal on the same side had entailed upon him much suffering, Ignatius was elevated to the patriarchate, by the patronage of the empress Theodora [Theodora], the guardian of her son Michael III. during his minority [Michael III.] and the restorer of image worship. The date of the elevation of Igna- tius is not quite certain ; it was probably in a. d. 846 or 847. Symeon Magister places it in the 1 1th year of Michael, A. D. 853 or 854, but this is too late. Ignatius, at his consecration, desired Gregory As- bestas, bishop of Syracuse, in Sicily [Gregorius, No, 35], who was then at Constantinople, to absent himself, as being under accusation. This provoked Gregory's anger, and was the source of much trouble to Ignatius himself. As the dissolute propensities of Michael were developed with his years, Ignatius became the object of insult to the emperor's profli- gate minion, Gryllus : and when the influence of Theodora was destroyed, and herself driven away from the court by her ambitious brother, the Caesar Bardas, Ignatius was exposed to more serious hostility. He had refused compliance Avith the emperor's wish to make his mother and sister nuns against their will ; and in addition to the em- peror's hostility, he had incurred also the personal hatred of the Caesar. Bardas had been accused by report of incest with the wife of his own son ; and as he had refused to listen to the rebukes of the pa- triarch, Ignatius, on his coming to the communion, o o 4