Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 2.djvu/56

Rh 42 EQUESTER. draw the Aedui into the Gallic confederacy against Rome, and enabled him at first to counteract them. But soon afterwards he himself revolted, together with Viridomarus, and this completed the defec- tion of his countrymen. Ambition was clearly his motive, for he was much mortified when the Gauls chose Vercingetorix for their commander- in-chief (Caes. B, G. vii. 34, 38—40, 54, Bo, 63 ; Pint. Caes. 26, 27 ; Dion Cass. xl. 37.) Pie appears to have been the person who was sent in command of an Aeduan force to the relief of Ver- cingetorix at Alesia, and a different one from the Eporedorix, who was previously taken prisoner by the Romans in a battle of cavalry, and who is mentioned as having commanded the Aedui in a war with the Sequani some time before Caesar's arrival in Gaul. (Caes. B. G. vii. 67, 76 ; Dion Cass. xl. 40.) [E. E.] M. E'PPIUS M. F., a Roman senator, and a member of the tribe Terentina, took an active part in favour of Pompoy on the breaking out of the civil war in b. c. 49. He was one of the legates of Q. Metellus Scipio in the African war, and was pardoned by Caesar, with many others of his party, after the battle of Thapsus in b. c. 46. His name occurs as one of Scipio's legutes on a coin, which is figured helow. The obverse represents a wo- man's head, covered with an elephant's skin, and likewise an ear of corn and a plough, all of which have reference to the province of Africa, with Q. Metel. Scipio Imp. On the reverse there is a figure of Hercules, with Eppivs Leg. F. C. The last two letters probably represent Faciundum or Ft'riundum Curavit, or Flandum Curavit, and indi- cate that the denarius was struck by order of Eppius. It appears from another coin, in which his name occurs as the legate of Pompey, that after he had been pardoned by Caesar he went into Spain and renewed the war under Sex. Pompey in b. c. 46 and 45. (Cic. ad Fam. viii. 8. §§ 5, 6, where the old editions incorrectly read M. Oppius, ad AtL viii. 11, B. ; Hirtius, Bell. Jfnc. 89 ; Eckhel, vol. T. pp. 206, 207.) EPPONI'NA. [S.vBiNus, Julius.] F/PRIUS MARCELLUS. [Marcellus.] E'PYTUS, a Trojan, who clung to Aeneias in the night, when Troy was destroyed. He was the father of Periphas, who was a companion of Julus, and who is called by the patronymic Epytides. (Virg. Aen. ii. 340, v. 547, 579 ; Horn. //. xvii. 323.) [L. S.J EQUESTER, and in Greek "Ittttzos, occurs as a surname of several divinities, such as Poseidon (Neptune), who had created the horse, and in whose honour horse-races were held (Serv. ad Viry. Georg. i. 12; Liv. i. 9 ; Pans. v. 15. § 4), of Aphrodite (Serv. ad Aen. i. 724), Hera (Paus. V. 15. $ 4), Athena (Paus. i. 30. § 4, 31. § 3, v. 15. § 4, viii. 47. § 1), and Ares. (Paus. V. 15. $ 4.) The Roman goddess Fortuna bore the same surname, and the consul Flaccus vowed a temple to her in b. c. 180, during a battle against the Celtiberians. (Liv. xl. 40, xlii. 3.) Tacitus ERASISTRATUS. {Arm. iii. 71) mentions a temple of Fortuna Eques- tris at Antium. [L. S.] L. EQUl'TIUS, said to have been a i-unaway slave, gave himself out as a son of Ti. Gracchus, and was in consequence elected tribune of the plebs for B. c. 99. While tribune designatus, he took an active part in the designs of Saturninus, and was killed with him in B. c. 100: Appian says that his death happened on the day on which he entered upon his office. (Appian, B. C. . 32, 33; Val. Max. iii. 2. § 18 ; Cic. pro Sest. 47, who calls him insitivus Gracchus, and pro C Rabir. 7, where he is described as ille ex compedibus atque ergastulo Gracchus.) ERASI'NIDES ('Epao-trt57/r), was one of the ten commanders appointed to supersede Alcibiades after the battle of Notium, b. c. 407. (Xen. Hell, i. 5. § 16; Died. xiii. 74 ; Plut. Ale. 36.) Ac- cording to the common reading in Xenophon {Hell. i. 6. § 16), he and Leon were with Conon when he was chased by Callicratidas to Mytilene. But we find Erasinides mentioned afterwards as one of the eight who connnanded at Arginusae (Xen. Hell. i. 6. ^ 29; Aristoph. Ran. 1194); either, therefore, as Morus and Schneider suggest, Arches- tratus must be substituted for both the above names in the passage of Xenophon, or we must suppose that Erasinides commanded the trireme which escaped to Athens with the news of Conon's blockade. (Xen. Hell. i. 6. §§19—22; Lys. ''AttoA. Sci'poS. p. 1 62 ; Schneid. ad Xen. Hell. i. 6. § 16 ; Thirl wall's Greece, vol. iv. p. 119, note 3.) Erasinides was among the six generals who returned to Athens after the victory at Arginusae and were put to death, b. c. 406. Archederhus, in fact, took the first step against them by imposing a fine (ejTjgoATf) on Erasinides, and then calling him to account before a court of justice for retaining some public money which he had received in the Hel- lespont. On this charge Erasinides was thrown into prison, and the success of the prosecution in the particular case paved the way to the more serious attack on the whole body of the generals. (Xen. Hell. i. 7. §§ 1-34; Died. xiii. 101.) [E.E.J ERASrSTRATUS ('Epao-iffTpoTos), one of the most celebrated physicians and anatomists of anti- quity, is generally supposed to have been born at lulls in the island of Ceos (Suidas, s. v. 'Epacriarp.; Strab. X. 5, p. 389, ed. Tauchn.), though Stepha- nus Byzantinus (s. v. KcSs) calls him a native of Cos, Galen of Chios {Introd. c. 4, vol. xiv. p. 683), and the emperor Julian of Samos. {Misopog. p. 347.) Pliny says he was the grandson of Aristotle by his daughter Pythias (//. N. xxix. 3), but this is not confirmed by any other ancient writer ; and according to Suidas, he was the son of Cretoxena, the sister of the physician Medius, and Cleombro- tus ; from which expression it is not quite clear whether Cleombrotus was his father or his uricle. He was a pupil of Chrysippus of Cnidos (Diog. Laert. vii. 7. § 10, p. 186; Plin. //. N. xxix. 3; Galen, de Ven. Sect. adv. Erasistr. c. 7, vol, xi. p. 171), Metrodorus (Sext. Empir. c. Matliem. i. 12, p. 271, ed. Fabric.) and apparently Theophras- tu8. (Galen, deSang. inArter. c. 7, vol. iv. p. 729.) He lived for some time at the court of Seleucus Nicator, king of Syria, where he acquired great reputation by discovering the disease of Antio- chus, the king's eldest son, probably B. c. 294. Seleucus in his old age had lately married Strato- nice, the young and beautiful daughter of Denie