Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 2.djvu/492

Rh 478 HIPPASUS. {Hist, of Greece^ ch. xxix. sect, 5), as referring to the time when Dionysius obtained the virtual so- vereignty under that title, in the spring of B. c. 405. It is more probable that it relates to the appointment of the ten generals in the preceding year, and that Hipparinus, as well as Dionysius, was one of these. [Dionysius, p. 1033, a.] We hear no more of him from this time, but from the tyrant having married his daughter Aristomache, as well as from the position assuuied by his son Dion, it is clear that he must have continued to hold a high place in the favour of Dionysius as long as he lived. 2. A son of Dion, and grandson of the preceding, who fell into the power of the younger Dionysius, together with the wife and sister of Dion, when the latter quitted Sicily. He was still in the hands of the tyrant when he was shut up and besieged by Dion in the island citadel (b. c. 356), a circum- stance of which Dionysius took advantage to en- deavour to open secret negotiations with his adver- sary, but without effect. (Plut. Dion^ 31.) While in the power of the tyrant, Hipparinus had been purposely accustomed by him to dissolute and lux- uiious habits ; of which Dion, as soon as he had be- come completely master of Syracuse, endeavoured to cilre him by restraint and severity, but the boy, unable to endure the sudden change, threw himself from the roof of a house, and was killed on the spot. (Plut. Dion, 55 ; Corn. Nep. Dion, 4, 6 ; Ael. V.H. iii. 4.) According to Timaeus {ap. Plut. I. c), his name was Aretaeus. 3. A son of the elder Dionysius by Aristo- mache, daughter of No. 1, who succeeded Callippus in the government or tyranny of Syracuse, B, c. 352. According to Diodorus, he attacked the city with a fleet and army, and having defeated Cal- lippus, compelled him to fly from Syracuse, of which he immediately took possession (Diod. xvi. 36). The account given by Polyaenus is somewhat different : according to his version, Hipparinus was at Leon tin i (at this time the head-quarters of the disaffected and exiled Syracusans), when he learnt that Callippus had quitted Syracuse with the great body of his forces on an expedition elsewhere, and contrived to surprise the gates and make himself master of the city before his retm-n. (Polyaen. v. 4.) This statement is also in part confirmed by Plutarch {Dion, 58), who relates that Callippus lost Syracuse while attempting to make himself master of Catana, though he does not mention Hip- parinus. He held the supreme power for only two years, during which he appears to have excited the contempt of his subjects by his drunkenness, as well as their hatred by his tyranny, and he fell a victim to assassination. (Diod. xvi. 36 ; Theo- pompus, ap. Aihen. x. p. 436, a. ; Ael. V, H. ii. 41.) [E. H. B.] HIPPA'SIUS ('iTTTTdJcnos), a veterinary sur- geon, who may perhaps liave lived in the fourth or fifth century after Christ. He wrote some works, of which only a few fragments remain, which are to be found in the collection of writers on vete- rinary surgery, first published in a Latin version by Joannes Ruellius, Paris, 1530, fol., and after- wards in the original Greek, by Simon Grynaeus, Basel, 1537, 4to. [W. A.G.] HI'PPASUS ("iTTTrao-os). . The father of Actos the Argonaut. (Apollod. i. 9. § 16; Hygin. Fah. 14.) 2. A son of Ceyx, kinp; of Trachis, and the cora- HIPPIAS. panion of Heracles in tlie war against Oechalia, was slain by Eurytus. (Apollod. ii. 7. § 7.) 3. A centaur, who was slain by Theseus, at the wedding of Peirithous. (Ov. Met. xii. 352.) 4. A son of Leucippe. [Alcathoe.] 5. A son of Eurytus, was one of the Calydonian hunters. (Hygin. Fah. 173; Ov. Met. viii. 313.) 6. A son of Priam. (Hyg. Fah. 90.) [L. S.] HI'PPASUS ("iTTTrao-os), a Lacedaemonian who is mentioned by Diogenes Laertius (viii. 84) as tlie author of a work on the Lacedaemonian republic in five books, from which a statement is quoted by Athenaeus (i. p. 14). The time at which he lived is unknown. [L. S.] HI'PPASUS ("iTTTroo-os), of Metapontum or Croton (lamblich. Vit. Fyth, c.U.^^, 88. c. 23. § 104), is mentioned both by lamblichus and by Diogenes Laertius (viii. 84) among the elder Py- thagoreans. Hippasus is said to have been the founder of a school or sect of the Pythagoreans, called the Acusmatici {aKovarfiaTiKoi.), in opposition to the Mathematici. Aristotle {Metaph. i. 3) speaks of Hippasus as holding the element of fire to be the cause of all things: and Sextus Empiricus (ad Fhys. i. 361) contrasts him with the Pythagoreans in this respect, that he believed the apx^ to be ma- terial, whereas they thought it was incorporeal, namely, number. A single sentence quoted by Diogenes Laertius as expressing one of his doctrines seems to mean that he held all things to be in motion and change, but according to a fixed law. (lamblich. 7626?. i^ 81, 88; Villoison, Anecd. Grace. ii. p. 216.) In consequence of his making known the sphere, consisting of twelve pentagons, which was regarded by the Pythagoreans as a secret, he is said to have perished in the sea as an impious man. According to one statement, Hippasus left no writings (Diog. Laert. viii. 84), according to another he was the author of the fwariKos oyos, wriften to calumniate Pythagoras. (Id. viii. 7 ; comp. Brandis, Gesch. d. Griech. Rom.Fhilosoph. vol. i. p. 509, &c.) [C. E. P.] HIPPEUS ('iTTTreJs), a painter, whose picture at Athens of the marriage of Peirithous is men- tioned by Polemon. (Athen.xi.p.474,d.) [P.S.] HI'PPIA and HI'PPIUS ('iTnn'a and "iTnrios, or^lTTTTctos), in Latin Efptester and. Equestris, occur as surnames of several divinities, as of Hera (Paus. V. 15. § 4); of Athena at Athens, Tegea and Olympia (i. 30. § 4, 31. § 3, v. 15. § 4, viii. 47. § 1); of Poseidon (vi. 20. § 8, i. 30. § 4 ; Liv. i. 9); of Ares (Paus. v. 15. § 4); and at Rome also of Fortuna and Venus. (Liv. xl. 40, xlii. 3 ; Serv. ad Aen. i. 724.) [L. S.] HI'PPIAS ('iTTTTtas), captain of a company of Arcadian mercenaries in the service of Pissuthnes, is named by Thucydides in the story of the fifth year of the Peloponnesian War, B. c. 427. A faction of the Colophonians of Notium dependent on Persian aid introduced him into a fortified quarter of the town ; and here, after the surrender of Mytilene, he was found and besieged by Paches, whose succour was demanded by the exiles of the other party. Paches, under a promise of a safe return into the fortification if no terms should be agreed on, drew Hippias out to a conference ; re- tained him, while, by a sudden attack, the place was carried ; and satisfied the letter of his promise by bringing him back into the fortress, and there shooting him to death. (Thuc. iil 34.) [A. H. C.J