Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 2.djvu/390

Rh 376 HELIXUS. established in various places, as in Elis (Pans, vi, 25, § 5), at Apollonia (Herod, ix. 93), Hermione (Pans. ii. 34. § 1 0), in the acropolis of Corinth (ii. 4. § 7; coinp. ii. 1. § 6), near Argos (ii. 18. § 3), at Troezene (ii. 31. § 8), Megalopolis (viii. 9. § 2, 31. § 4), and several other places, especially in the island of Rhodes, where the famous colossus of Rhodes was a representation of Helios : it was 70 cubits in height, and, being overthrown by an earthquake, the Rhodians were commanded by an oracle not to erect it again. (Pind. 01. vii. 54, &c.; Strab. xiv. p. 652; Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 7, 17.) The sacrifices offered to Helios consisted of white rams, boars, bulls, goats, lambs, especially white horses, and honey. (Horn. //. xix. 197; Eiistath. arf //o?w. pp. 36, 1668; Hygin. Fab. 223 ; Pans. iii. 20. $ 5 ; Herod, i. 216; Strab. xi. 513.) Among the animals sacred to him, the cock is especially mentioned. (Paus. V. 25. § 5.) The Roman poets, when speaking of the god of the sun (Sol), usually adopt the notions of tlie Greeks, but the worship of Sol was introduced also at Rome, especially after tlie Romans had become acquainted with the East, though traces of the worship of the sun and moon occur at a very early period. (Varro, de Ling. Lat. V. 74 ; Dionys. ii. 50 ; Sext. Ruf. Reg. Urb. iv.) Helios was represented on the pedestal of the Olympian Zeus, in the act of ascending his chariot (Paus. V. 11. (^ 3), and several statues of him are mentioned (vi. 24. § 5, viii. 9. § 2, 31. § 4) ; he was also represented riding in his chariot, drawn bv four horses. (Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 3, 19 ; comp. Hirt, Mythol. Bilderb. i. 35.) [L. S.] HE'LIUS ('HAtos), a freed-man of the emperor Claudius, and steward of the imperial demesnes in the province of Asia. He was one of Agrippina's agents in ridding herself of M. Junius Silanus, pro- consul of that province in a. d. 55. During Nero's excursion into Greece, A. D. 67 — 68, Helius acted as prefect of Rome and Italy. He was worthy of the tyrant he represented. Dion Cassius (Ixiii. 12) says the only difference between them was that the heir of the Caesars emulated the min- strels, and the freed-man aped the heir of the Caesars. The borrowed majesty of Helius was equally oppressive to the senate, the equites, and the populace. He put to death Sulpicius Canie- rinus [Camkrinus] and his son, because they in- herited the agnomen Pythicus, which Nero, since he had sung publicly at the Pythian games, arro- gated to himself. He compelled the equestrian order to subscribe to a statue of himself, and his edicts of mulct, banishment, and death, were issued without any reference to the emperor. The uni- versal hatred which he incurred secured the fidelity of Helius to his master. When his urgent des- patches could not draw Nero from the spectacles and theatres of Greece, Helius precipitately quitted Rome, and personally remonstrated with the em- peror on allowing conspiracies to spring up on all sides, and in the capital itself, unchecked. After Nero's death, Helius, by the command of Galba, was conducted in chains through the streets of Rome, and, with Locusta the poisoner, Patrobius, and other creatures of the late tyrant, put to death. (Tac. Ann. xiii. 1; Suet. Ner. 23; Pint. Galb. 17; Dion Cass. Ixiii. 12, 18, 19, Ixiv. 3.) [W. B. D.] HELIXUS ("EAt$as),of Megara, with a portion of the Lacedaemonian squadron, which, on its way to the Hellespont, under Clearchus, was dispersed by a storm, made his way to Byzantium, and re- HELLANICUS. ceived it into the Peloponnesian confederacy, in the 21st year of the war, b. c. 411. (Thuc. viii. 80.) Here he appears to have remained with a contin- gent from Megara. We find him at the end of the year b. c. 408 left with Coeratados, the Boeotian, in command of the place, then besieged by the Athenians, while Clearchus went out to seek rein- forcements. The Byzantines, whose lives were being sacrificed to leave sufficient food for the gar- rison, took the opportunity of communicating with the besiegers ; and by means of a stratagem, suc- ceeded in admitting them. Helixus and his col- league were obliged to surrender as prisoners of war. {Xen.Hell. i. 3. §§ 17—22; comp. Diod. xiii. 66, 67.) [A. H.C.] HELLA'DIUS {'EWdSios). 1. Of Alexandria, a grammarian in the time of Theodosius the younger. Photius (cod. 145) gives a brief account of his Xc^iKdu Kara crToix^lov^ which embraced chiefly prose words. The work is again quoted by Photius (Cod. 158, p. 100, a. 38 ed. Bekker) under the title of twv Ae^ewv avWoyq. Suidas calls it Xe^fcos iravToias xPV^^^s Kara (XTotx^iov^ and men- tions also the following works by Helladius: 2. "EKcppaais (piKoTifxias. 3. Aiovvcros rj Movffa. 4. "EKppaats rciu Kourpuv KwuaTavriavwv. 5. "ETTttifoj @eoSoaiov tov fiaaiXews. It is likely, from the titles, that some of these works were poetical. 2. Besantinoiis, Besantinus, or Bisantinus, an Egyptian grammarian, who lived at the beginning of the fourth century, under the emperors Licinius and Maximinianus, and composed four books of miscellaneous extracts, under the title of irpayfia- reia xpVf^ToixaBeiwv, an account of which is given by Photius (Cod. 279). The work is often quoted in the Etymologicum Magnum. The extracts in Photius were edited, with a Latin version, by Schottus, and notes by Meursius, as an appendix to the posthumous work of Meursius, De Regno Laconico et Atheiiiensium Piraeo, Ultraj. 1686, 4to, reprinted in Gronovius's Thesaurus Aniiq. Graec. vol. X. 1701,fol. 3. There is one distich in the Greek Anthology under the name of Helladius. (Jonsius, Script. Hist. Phil. i. 2, 4, p. 15 ; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iv. p. 477, vol. vi. p. 368; vol. x. pp. 718, 772 ; Brunck, A7ial. vol. ii. p. 438 ; Jacobs, ^wifA. Graec. vol. iii. p. 145, vol. xiii. p. 901.) 4. Bishop of Caesareia, in Cappadocia, succeeded his master, Basil the Great, in that see, A. D. 378, and was present at the two councils of Constanti- nople in A. D, 381 and 394. His life of St. Basil is quoted by Damascenus (Orat. de Imag. i. p. 327), but the genuineness of the work is doubtful. (Sozom. H. E. viii. 6 ; Tillemont, Mem. Eccles. vol. ix. p. 589 ; Cave, Hist. Lit. s. a. 378; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ix. p. 293.) 5. Bishop of Tarsus, originally a monk, flourished about A. D. 431, and was remarkable for his attach- ment to Nestorius, through which he lost his bishopric. He was afterwards reconciled to the church, but he was compelled to join in the ana- thema upon Nestorius. Six letters of his are ex- tant. (Cave, Hist. Lit. s. a. 431.) [P. S.] HELLANI'CUS {'EwdviKos). 1. Of Myti- lene in the island of Lesbos, the most eminent among the Greek logographers. He was the son, according to some, of Andromenes or Aristomenes, and, according to others, of Scamon (Scammon), though this latter may be merely a mistake of