Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 2.djvu/375

Rh 5. , probably a son of No. 4, was consul in A. D. 53. (Tac. Ann. xii. 58.) He dissipated his patrimonial estate, and in his latter years was a pensionary of Nero. (Tac. ib. xiii. 34.) He is thought by some to be the professional legacy-hunter mentioned by Seneca (de Ben. vi. 30).

6., a Roman eques, who perished in the theatre at Syracuse by the awkwardness of a gladiator, and thereby fulfilled his dream of the previous night, that the Retiarius slew him. (Val. Max. i. 7. §8.)

2em

 HEBDOMA′GETES, a surname of Apollo, which was derived, according to some, from the fact of sacrifices being offered to him on the seventh of every month, the seventh of some month being looked upon as the god's birthday. Others connect the name with the fact that at the festivals of Apollo, the procession was led by seven boys and seven maidens. (Aeschyl. Sept. 804; Herod. vi. 57; Lobeck, Aglaoph. p. 434.)

2em

 HEBE, the personification of youth, is described as a daughter of Zeus and Hera (Apollod. i. 3. §1.), and is, according to the Iliad (iv. 2), the minister of the gods, who fills their cups with nectar; she assists Hera in putting the horses to her chariot (v. 722) ; and she bathes and dresses her brother Ares (v. 905). According to the Odyssey (xi. 603; comp. Hes. Theog. 950), she was married to Heracles after his apotheosis. Later traditions, however, describe her as having become by Heracles the mother of two sons, Alexiares and Anticetus (Apollod. ii. 7. §7), and as a divinity who had it in her power to make persons of an advanced age young again. (Ov. Met. ix. 400, &c.) She was worshipped at Athens, where she had an altar in the Cynosarges, near one of Heracles. (Paus. i, 19. §3.) Under the name of the female Ganymedes (Ganymeda) or Dia, she was worshipped in a sacred grove at Sicyon and Phlius. (Paus. ii. 13. §3; Strab. viii. p. 382.)

At Rome the goddess was worshipped under the corresponding name of Juventas, and that at a very early time, for her chapel on the Capitol existed before the temple of Jupiter was built there; and she, as well as Terminus, is said to have opposed the consecration of the temple of Jupiter. (Liv. v. 54.) Another temple of Juventas, in the Circus Maximus, was vowed by the consul M. Livius, after the defeat of Hasdrubal, in B. C. 207, and was consecrated 16 years afterwards. (Liv. xxxvi. 36; comp. xxi. 62; Dionys. iv. 15, where a temple of Juventas is mentioned as early as the reign of Servius Tullius; August, de Civ. Dei, iv. 23; Plin. H. N. xxix. 4, 14, xxxv. 36, 22.)

2em

 HE′CABE, or in Latin HE′CUBA, a daughter of Dymas in Phrygia, and second wife of Priam, king of Troy. (Hom. Il. xvi. 716, xxii. 234; Apollod. iii. 12. §5.) Some described her as a daughter of Cisseus, or the Phrygian river-god Sangarius and Metope. (Eurip. Hec. 3; Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1083.) According to the tragedy of Euripides, which bears her name, she was made a slave by the Greeks on their taking Troy, and was carried by them to Chersonesus; and she there saw her daughter Polyxena sacrificed. On the same day the waves of the sea washed the body of her last son Polydorus on the coast where stood the tents in which the captive women were kept. Hecabe recognised the body, and sent for Polymestor, who had murdered him, pretending that she was going to inform him of a treasure which was concealed at Ilium. When Polymestor arrived with his two sons, Hecabe murdered the children, and tore out the eyes of Polymestor. Agamemnon pardoned her for the crime, and Polymestor prophesied to her that she should be metamorphosed into a she-dog, and should leap into the sea at a place called Cynosema. (Strab. p. 595; Thuc. viii. 104.) According to Ovid (Met. xiii. 423—575), this prophecy was fulfilled in Thrace, the inhabitants of which stoned her; but she was metamorphosed into a dog, and in this form she howled through the country for a long time. (Comp. Hygin. Fab. 111; Serv. ad Virg. Aen. iii. 6; Cic. Tusc. iii. 26.) According to other accounts she was given as a slave to Odysseus, and in despair she leaped into the Hellespont (Dict. Cret. v. 13), or being anxious to die, she uttered such invectives against the Greeks, that the warriors put her to death, and called the place where she was buried, with reference to her impudent invectives. (Dict. Cret. v. 16.) Respecting her children by Priam, see Apollod, iii. 12. §5: comp. ,,.

2em

 HECAERGE, a daughter of Boreas, and one of the Hyperborean maidens, who were believed to have introduced the worship of Artemis in Delos. (Callim. Hymn. in Del. 292; Paus. i. 43. §4, v. 7. §4; Herod. iv. 35.) The name Hecaerge signifies hitting at a distance; and it is not improbable that the story of the Hyperborean maiden may have arisen out of an attribute of Artemis, who bore the surname of Hecaerge. (Anton. Lib. 13.) Aphrodite had the same surname at Iulis in Cos. (Anton. Lib. 1.)

2em

 HECAERGUS, a surname of Apollo, of the same meaning as Hecaerge in the case of Artemis. (Hom. Il. i. 147.) Here too tradition has metamorphosed the attribute of the god into a distinct being, for Servius (ad Aen. xi. 532, 858) speaks of one Hacaergus as a teacher and priest of Apollo and Artemis.

2em

 HE′CALE, a poor old woman, who hospitably received into her house Theseus, when he had gone out for the purpose of killing the Marathonian bull. As she had vowed to offer up to Zeus a sacrifice for the safe return of the hero, and died before his return, Theseus himself ordained that the inhabitants of the Attic tetrapolis should offer a sacrifice to her and Zeus Hecalus, or Hecaleius. (Plut. Thes. 14; Callim. Fragm. 40, Bentley; Ov. Remed. Am. 747.)

2em

 HECAME′DE, a maiden of Tenedos, and daughter of Arsinous. When Achilles took the island, Hecamede was given to Nestor as a slave. (Hom. Il. xi. 622, xiv. 6.)

2em

<section end="Hecamede" /> <section begin="Hecateus" />HECATAEUS, tyrant of Cardia, is first mentioned as one of the friends of Alexander the Great, and was selected by that monarch immediately after his accession (B. C. 336) to undertake the perilous duty of putting down the threatened revolt of Attains in Asia. He crossed over to that continent with a considerable force, with which he joined the army of Parmenion; but after consulting with that general, he deemed it inexpedient to attempt his object by open force, and caused Attains to be secretly assassinated. (Diod. xvii. 2, 5; comp. Curt. vii. 1. §3.) As we find no mention of Hecataeus during the operations of Alexander in Asia, it must be presumed that <section end="Hecateus" />