Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 2.djvu/324

Rh 310 GREGORIUS. termining that of Gregory. 3. In Patres Nicaenos. This panegyric is given with a Latin version in the Novum Auctarium of Combefis, vol. ii. p. 547, &c. ; the Latin version is given by Lipomannus in his De Vitis Sanctorum; and by Surius in the De Prohatis Sanctorum Vitis, ]0 Julii. (Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. viii. pp. 386, 432, vol. x. pp. 233, 296 ; Cave, Hist. Litt. vol. ii. p. 99.) n. Of Cappadocia. [See above. No. 3.] 12. Cerameus. Nicephoms of Constantinople gives the name of Gregory to the archbishop of Tauromeniiim, better known as Theophanes (but called in some MSS. George) Cerameus. [Cera- meus.] 13. Chioniades lived in the reip^n of Alexius I. Comnenus (a. d. 1081 — 1118.) There are ex- tant in MS. in the Imperial Library at Vienna sixteen letters of Gregory Chioniades, addressed, some to the emperor, others to the patriarch or nobles of Constantinople, the publication of which is desirable from the light which it is supposed they would throw on that period of Byzantine history. (Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. xi. p. 631 ; Cave, Hist. Litt, vol. ii. p. 164.) 14. Of Constantinople. [Georgius, lite- rary, No. 20.] 15. Of Constantinople. [Mammas.] 16. Of Corinth. [Parous.] 17. Of Cyprus. [Georgius, No. 20.] 18. Of Illiberis. [See above, No. 9.] 19. Mammas. [Mammas.] 20. Melissenus. [Mammas.] 21. Monachus, the Monk. Gregory is not accurately described by the title Monk, as he lived on the proceeds of his own property, a farm in Thrace, though much given to ascetic practices and entertaining a great reverence for religious persons. His spiritual director having died, he attached him- self to St. Basil the younger, the ascetic, who lived during and after the reign of Leo VI. the Philoso- pher (a. d. 886 — 911), and is supposed to have survived as late as A. D. 952. After his death, Gregory composed two memoirs of him ; the more prolix appears to have perished, the other is given by the BoUandists in the Acta Sanctorum, Mariii, vol. iii. ; the Latin version in the body of the work, p. 667, &c., and the original in the Appendix, p. 24, &c. This memoir, though crammed with miracu- lous stories, contains several notices of contemporary public men and political events : and a considerable extract of it is given by Combefis in the Historiae Byzantinae Scriptores post Tlieophanem, fol. Paris, A. D. 1^5. It precedes, in that work, the Chro- nicon of Symeon Magister. (Fabric. BibJ. Gr. vol. X, p. 206 ; Cave, Hist. Litt. ii. ^.^9 Acta Sanctor., Maria, vol. iii., Proleg. ad Vit. S. Basilii.) 22. Of Mytilene. a homily. In Jesu Passi- onem, by Gregory of Mytilene, is given by Gretser, with a Latin version, in his collection, De Cruce. (Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. x. p. 245.) 23, 24. Nazianzenus. [See below.] 25. Of Neocaesareia. [See below, Gre- gorius Thaumaturgus.] 26. Of NicAEA. [See below, No. 35.] 27. Of Nyssa. [See below.] 28. Palamas. [Palamas.] 29. Parpus. [Parous.] 30. Patzo. Nicolaus Comnenus Papadopoli cites the exposition of the Novellae of the later Byzantine emperors, by Gregorius Patzo, who held the office of Logotheta Drorai (or LogothetaCursus), GREGORIUS. and whom he regards as one of tlie most eminent of the jurists of the Byzantine empire, inferior to Harmenopulus alone. The time at which Grego- rius Patzo lived is not known, but he must have been later than Alexis I. Comnenus (a. o. 1081 — 1118), some of whose Novellae he has expounded. Assamanni would make him a modern Greek. (Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. xi. p. 632.) 31. Peripatetic us. [Georgius, No. 41.] 32. Presbyter. [See above, No. 10.] 33. Of Sicily. [See below, No. 35.] 34. Of Sinal [See above. No. 5.] 35. Of Syracuse, sometimes called of Sicily. Gregory, surnamed Asbestas, was made bishop of Syracuse about A. d. 845. He went to Constanti- nople, apparently soon after his appointment to the see, for he appears to have been there in a. d. 847, where Ignatius was chosen patriarch, whose election he strenuously opposed. He was, in return, deposed by Ignatius in a council held A. o. 854, on the ground, as Mongitor affinns, of his profligacy ; and his depo- sition was confirmed by the Pope, Benedict III. When, on the deposition of Ignatius, Photius was placed on the patriarchal throne, a. d. 858, he was consecrated by Gregory, whose episcopal character, notwithstanding his deposition, was thus recognised. Gregory was anathematised, together with Photius, at the council of Rome A. D. 863 : and his connec- tion with the Greek patriarch is a reason for re- ceiving with caution the assertions of Romish writers as to his immoral character. Photius pro- moted him A. D. 878 to the bishopric of Nicaea, in Bithynia. He died soon after. He is perhaps the "Gregorius archiepiscopus Siciliae" mentioned by Allatius in his tract De Methodiorum Scriptis (published in the Convivium decern Virginum Sti Methodii Martyris, Rome, 1656), as the author of an "Oratio longa in S. Methodium." The age of Gregory, who lived in and after the time of Methodius, favours this sup- position, but there is some difficulty from the terra " Archiepiscopus Siciliae." (Mongitor, Bibl. Sieula, vol. i. p. 263 ; Cave, Hist. Litt. vol. ii. pp. 40, 76.) 36. Thaumaturgus. [See below.] 37. Theologus. [Seebelow, Gregorius Na- zianzenus, 2.] 38. Thessalonicensis. [Palamas.] There were several Gregorii among the old Syriac or Arabic writers, who may be traced in the Biblio- theca Orientalis of Assamajini. [ J C M ] GREGO'RIUS NAZIANZE'NUS, the elde'r, was bishop of Nazianzus in Cappadocia for about forty-five years, a. d. 329—374, and father of tlie celebrated Gregory Nazianzen. He was a person of rank, and he held the highest magistracies in Nazianzus without increasing his fortune. In religion, he was originally a hypsistarian, a sect who derived their name from their acknowledgment of one supreme God (vj^iaros), and whose religion seems, from what little is known of it, to have been a sort of compound of Judaism and Magian- ism with other elements. He was converted to Christianity by the efforts and prayers of his wife Nonna, aided by a miraculous dream, and by the teaching of certain bishops, who passed through Nazianzus, on their way to the council of Nicaea, A. D. 325. His baptism was marked by omens, which were soon fulfilled in his elevation to the see of Nazianzus, about A. d. 329. He governed well, and resisted Arianism. His eldest son, Gre- gory, was bom after he became bishop. In 360 he