Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 2.djvu/293

Rh GOBRYAS. Stosch, Pierres gravtes, tab. 23 ; Eracci, tab. 49.) [P. S.] GNATHAENA (rmflatvo), a celebrated Greek hetaera, of whom some witty sayings are recorded by Athenaeus (xiii. p. 585). She wrote a ytJ/tos avaaiTiKos, in the same fashion as v6ixoi were com- monly written by philosophers. It consisted of 323 lines, and was incorporated by Callimachus in his Trlva^ rwu voixwv. [L. S.] GNESIPPUS (rj/^(rt7r7ros), the son of Cleoma- cluis, a Dorian lyric poet, according to Meineke, whose light and licentious love verses were attacked by Chionides, Cratinus, and Eupolis. The pas- sages quoted by Athenaeus seem, however, to bear out fully the opinion of Welcker, that Gnesippus was a tragic poet, and that the description of his poetry given by Athenaeus (TTaiyviayp6.(pov Trjs iapds ixov(Tr}s) refers to his choral odes. (Athen. xiv. p. 638, d. e. ; Meineke, Frag. Com. Graec. vol. ii, pp. 7, 27 — 29 ; Welcker, die Griech. Trag. vol. iii. pp, 1024—1029.) [P. S.] GNIPHO, M. ANTO'NIUS, a distinguished Roman rhetorician, who lived in the last century before the Christian aera. He was bom in B. c. 114, and was a native of Gaul, but studied at Alex- andria. He was a man of great talent and extra- ordinary memory, and was thoroughly acquainted with Greek as well as Roman literature, and he is further praised as a person of a kind and generous disposition. After his return from Alexandria, he taught rhetoric at first in the house of J. Caesar, who was then a boy, and afterwards set up a school in his own house. He gave instruction in rhetoric every day, but declaimed only on the nundines. Many men of eminence are said to have attended his lectures, and among them Cicero, when he was praetor. He died in his fiftieth year, and left be- hind him many works, though Ateius Capito main- tained that the only work written by him was De Latino Sennoyie, in two books, and that the other treatises bearing his name were productions of his disciples. (Suet. De Illustr. Grain. 7 ; Ma- crob. Sat. iii. 12.) Schiitz, in his preface to the RJietorica ad Herennium (p. 23, &c.), endeavours to show that that work is the production of M. Antonius Gnipho ; but this is only a very uncertain hypothesis. [Cicero, p. 727.] [L. S] GNOSI'DICUS (r;/a'cr£5iKos),the fourteenth in descent from Aesculapius, the elder son of Nebnis, the brother of Chrysus, and the father of Hippo- crates I., Podalirius II., and Aeneius. He lived probably in the sixth century B. c. (Jo. Tzetzes, Chil. vii. Hist. 155, in Fabric. Bill. Graec. vol. xii. p. 680, ed. Vet. ; Poeti Epist. ad Artcux. in Hip- pocr. Opera, vol. "di. p. 770.) [W. A. G.] GOBIDAS. [CoBiDAS.] GO'BRYAS (Twgpuas). 1. A noble Assyrian, who, in Xenophon's Cyropa^deia, goes over to Cyrus, and renders him various important services (iv. 6, v. 2, vii. 5, viii. 4). 2. A noble Persian, one of the seven conspirators agcunst Smerdis the Magian. When the attack was made, and Smerdis fled to his chamber, he was pursued by Dareius and Gobryas. In the darkness of the room Dareius was afraid to strike at the Magian, lest he should kill Gobryas ; but Gobryas perceiving his hesitation, exclaimed, " Drive your sword through both of us." Dareius struck, and fortunately pierced onlv the Magian. (Herod, iii. 70, 73, 78 ; Plut. Oper. vol. ii. p. 50, e., and Wyttenbach's Note ; Justin, i. 9 ; Val. Max. iii. GORDIANUS. 279 2, ext. § 2 ; Aristeid. vol. i. p. 502, vol. ii. p. 236.) Gobryas accompanied Dareius into Scythia, and discovered the true meaning of the symbolical de- fiance of the Scythians. (Herod, iv. 132, 134.) He was doubly related to Dareius by marriage ; Dareius married the daughter of Gobryas, and Gobryas married the sister of Dareius ; and one of his children by her was Mardonius. (Herod, vii. 2, 5.) 3. One of the commanders of the array with which Artaxerxes II. met his brother Cyrus. (Xe- noph. Anab. i. 7. § 12.) [P. S.] GOLGUS {T6-yos a son of Adonis and Aphro- dite, from whom the town of Golgi, in Cyprus, was believed to have derived its name. (Schol. ad Tlieocrit. xv. 100.) [L. S.] GO'NATUS ANTI'GONUS. [Antigonus.] GO'NGYLUS {ToyyvKos). 1. Of Eretria, was the agent by whose means Pausanias entered into communication with Xerxes, b. c. 477. To his charge Pausanias entrusted Byzantium after its re- capture, and the Persian prisoners who were there taken, and who, by his agency, were now allowed to escape, and (apparently in their company) he also himself went to Xerxes, taking Avith him the re- markable letter from Pausanias, in which he pro- posed to put the Persian king in possession of Sparta and all Greece, in return for marriage with his daughter. (Thuc. i. 129 ; Diod. xi. 44 ; Nepos, Pans. 2.) Xenophon, on his arrival in Mysia with the Cyrean soldiers (b. c. 399), found Hellas, the widow of this Gongylus, living at Pergamus. She entertained him, and, by her direction, he attacked the castle of Asidates, a neighbouring Persian noble. She had borne her husband two sons, Gor- gion, and another Gongylus, the latter of whom, on finding Xenophon endangered in his attempt, went out, against his mother's will, to the rescue, accom- panied by Procles, the descendant of Demaratus. (Xen. Anab. vii. 8. §§ 8, 17.) These two sons, it further appears (Xen. Hell. iii. 1. § 6), were in possession of Gambrium and Palaegambrium, My- rina and Grynium, towns given by the king to their father in reward for his treachery. On Thibron's arrival with the Lacedaemonian forces, and the incorporation, shortly after the above oc- currence, of the Cyrean troops with them, they, with Eurysthenes and Procles, placed their towns in his hands, and joined the Greek cause. 2. A Corinthian captain, who in the eighteenth year of the Peloponnesian war, b. c. 414, took charge of a single ship of reinforcements for Syra- cuse. He left Leucas after Gylippus, but, sailing direct for Syracuse itself, arrived there first. It was a critical juncture : the besieged were on the point of holding an assembly for discussion of terms of surrender. His arrival, and his news of the approach of Gylippus, put a stop to all thought of this ; the Syracusans took heart, and presently moved out to support the advance of their future deliverer. Thucydides seems to regard this as the moment of the turn of the tide. On the safe arrival of Gongylus at that especial crisis depended the issue of the Sicilian expedition, and with it the destiny of Syracuse, Athens, and all Greece. Gon- gylus fell, says Plutarch, in the first battle on Epi- polae, after the arrival of Gylippus. (Thuc. vii. 2 ; Plut. Nicias, 19.) [ A. H. C] GORDIA'NUS, the name of three Roman em- perors, father, son, and grandson. T 4