Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 2.djvu/228

Rh 214 GALENUS. The pathology of Galen, says Dr. Bostock. was much more imperfect than his physiology, for in this department he was left to follow the bent of his speculative genius almost without control. He adopts, as the foundation of his theory, the doctrine of the four elements, and, like Hippo- crates, he supposes that the fluids are the primary seat of disease. But in the application of this doc- trine he introduces so many minute subdivisions that he may be regarded as the inventor of the theory of the Humoralists, which was so generally adopted in the schools of medicine. VI. Works on Diagnosis and Semeiologv. 41. Tlepl T&v YliirovQorwv Toirwu, De Locis Af- fectis^ in six books (vol. viii.) ; sometimes quoted by the title AiayvwaTiKT}^ Diagnostica. This is preferred by Haller to any of Galen's works, and has always been considered one of the most valu- able and elaborate, as it was written when he was mature in judgment and experience. 42. Ilepl Aia(popds HvpeTwv, De Differentiis Fehrium (vol. vii.) 43. Ilepi rcov iv Ta7s NJcrots Kaipwv^ De Morhorum Temporibiis (vol. vii.). 44. Tlepl twv ^(pvyixwu rois 'Eiaayoij.ei'OLS, De PuJsihus ad Ti- rones (vol. viii.). 45. Ufpl Aia<popa,s :Z(pv^'fj.cov, De Differentia Pulsuum (vol. viii.). 46. Ilepi Aiayvwmws 'S'piryiJ.wv, De Dignoscendis Pulsihus (vol. viii.). 47. Hepl tQv iu to7s '2(pvy/j.ois Al- ricou, De Causis Pulsuum, (vol. ix.). 48. ITepi Tlpoyv^creuss ^(pvy/nwu, De Praesagitione ex Pul- sihus, (vol. ix.). These last four works are some- times considered as four parts of one large treatise. 49. 'S.vvo^is Trepl '2,<pvyixwv 'iSi'as Upayfj-arHas, Spnopsis Lihrorum suorum de Pulsibus (vol. ix,). 50. Hepl Kpiaifjiuiv 'Hyuepcov, De Criticis Diehus (vel Decretoriis) (vol. ix.). 51. TlepX Kpiaeoou, De Crisihus (vol. ix.). 52. De Causis Procaiarcticis (vol. vii. ed. Chart.). 53. Tlep Aia<popS.s Noar]- fidruu, De Diffiurentia Moi-horum (vol. vi.). 54. Tlepl Twv ev Tols 'Nocrrifj.aaiv Alriuv, De Morhorum Causis (vol. vii.). 55. Tlepl 'ZvfnrTcofxdTcou Aia(po- pas, De Symptomatum Differentia (vol. vii.). 5Q. TlepL AIt'iwu Su/tTrTOJjU.ara)!', De Causis Sympto- matum, in three books (vol. vii.). This and the three preceding treatises are intimately connected together, and are merely the different parts of one large work, as they are considered in some editions of Galen's writings. 57. n»s Aet 'Y-^eXeyx^iv Toi)s Tlpoa-Koiovfxevovs tiocreiv, Quomodo sint De- prehendendi Morhum Simulantes (vol. xix.). 58. Tlepl TTJs €| 'Euvirvlwv Aiayvwaews, De Dig?iotione ex Insomniis (vol. vi.). 59. Tlepl tov TlpoyivuxTneiv irpos 'ETTiyevTfV, De Praenotione ad Epigenem (sive Posthumum) (vol. xiv.). 60. Tlept Tvttwv, De Tifpis (vol, vii.) ; of rather doubtful genuineness. 61. Upos Tovs Tvepl Ti/TTOJi/ Tpd-^avras, ^ -nepl Tle- pioScoj/, Adversus eos qui de Typis scripserunt, vel de Periodis (vol. vii.) ; of doubtful genuineness. 62. Tlepl Tlpoyydxrews, De Praenotione (vol. xix.) ; spu- rious. 63, Tlpoyvwffis TlerreipaixevT] Kal Tla:/aiidr)s, Praesagitio Experta et omnino Vera (vol. xix.) ; spurious. 64. Tlepl KaraKAlaeas TlpoyvacTTiKa. e/c TTJs MaOrjfiaTiKris 'ETrKTri^ixris, Prognostica de De- culniu ex Mathematica Scientia (vol. xix.); spu- rious. 65. Tlepl OvpcDU, De Urinis (vol. xix.) ; of doubtful genuineness. 66. Tlepl Oifpwv h Sw- Tofjuf, De Urinis Compendium (vol. xix.) ; spurious. 67. Tlepl OSpuv iK ruu 'iTriroKpaTovs Kal TaXrj- i/ou, Kal &KKu)V Tivwv, De Urinis ex Hippocrate, GALENUS. Galeno, ct aliis quihusdam (vol. xix.). 68. Tlepl '2,(>vyiJLuv irpos 'Apruuiov, De Pulsihus ad Anto- nium (vol. xix.) ; spurious. 69. Compendium Pul- suum (vol. viii. ed. Chart.) ; spurious. It would be difficult to give an3'thing like an analysis of Galen's mode of discovering the nature of diseases, and of forming his prognosis, in which his skill and success were so great that he ven- tured to assert that, by the assistance of the Deity, he had never been wrong. {Comment, in Hippocr. '•'•Epid. /." ii. 20. vol. xviii. pt. i. p. 383.) One of his chief sources of prognosis was de- rived from the Critical Days, in which doctrine he reposes such confidence that he affinns, that, by a proper observance of them, the physician may be able to prognosticate the very hour when a fever will terminate. He believed (as did most of the ancient authorities) that the critical days are influ- enced by the moon. Another very important ele- ment in his diagnosis and prognosis was afforded by the Pulse, on which subject, as the works of his predecessors are no longer extant, he may be con- sidered as the first and greatest authority, — we might almost say our sole authority, for all subse- quent writers were content to adopt his system without the slightest alteration. According to Galen, the pulse consists of four parts, of a diastole and a systole, with two intervals of rest, one after the diastole before the systole, and the other after the systole before the diastole. He maintained that )^ practice and attention all these parts can be distinguished {De Dignosc. Puis. iii. 3. vol. viii. p. 902, &c.) ; but his system is so complicated and subtle that it would be hardly possible to make it intelligible to the reader without going to greater lengths than can here be allowed. A full account of it is given by Mr. Adams in his Commentary on Paulus Aegineta (ii. 12), ta which work in this, as in several other instances, the present article ia much indebted. VII. Works on Pharmacy and Materia Medic A. 70. Tlepl Kpd(Tew5 Kal Avvajxews rwu 'AirXoiv ^apfiaKwu, De Temperamentis et Facultatibus <Sm- plidum Medicamentorum, m eleven books (vols, xi. xii.). Galen recommends his readers to study the third book of his work De Temperamentis^ which treats of the temperaments of drugs, be- fore they begin to read this treatise. {Ars Med. c, 37, vol. i. p. 407.) 71. Tlepl 2w0e- aeoijs ^apficLKuv tcS// /caret Tottoi's, De Composi- tione Medieamentorum secundum Locos (vols, xii. xiii.). 72. Tlepl 'S.vvOeaeus ^apfxaKoov reov Kurd TevT], De Compositione Medieamentorum secundum Genera (vol. xiii.). This and the pre- ceding treatise may be considered as two parts of one large work. 73. Tlepl ^AvTihorwv, De Anti- dotis (vol. xiv.). This is one of Galen's last works, and written in the reign of the emperor Severus, about the year 200. 74. Tlepl Evjropi- CTTwv, De Remediis facile Parabilibus (vol. xiv.). The third part of this work is undoubtedy spurious. 75. Tlepl TTJS QrjptaKrjs irpos Iltcrwra, De T/ieri- aca adPisonem (vol. xiv.) This work is quoted as genuine by Aetius, Paulus Aegineta, and the Arabic physicians ; but is considered to be of doubtful authority by some modem critics. This condemnation, however, seems to the writer to rest on insufficient grounds, as, on a cursory examina*