Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 2.djvu/138

Rh 124 EUTHYDEMUS. and is further inconsistent with the language of Thucydides, who represents the Syracusans as act- ing on the offensive, and shews in Nicias's letter that they had it in their power to force an engage- ment. Of his ultimate fate we are ignorant : his name (it is probably his) occurs as far back as the eighteenth year of the war, B. c. 422, among the signatures to the Lacedaemonan treaties. ( Thuc. V. 19, 24, vii. 16, 69; Diod. xiii. 13; Plut. M- cias, c. 20.) [A. H. C] EUTHYDE'MUS (Eu^JSTj/ios). 1. A sophist, was born at Chios, and migrated with his brother Dionysodorus to Thurii in Italy. Being exiled thence, they came to Athens, where they resided many years. The pretensions of Euthydemus and his brother are exposed by Plato in the dialogue which bears the name of the former. A sophism of Euthydemus, as illustrating the " fallacy of composition," is mentioned by Aristotle. (Plat. Euthydemus^ Cratyl. p. 386 ; Arist. Rhet. ii. 24, § 3, Soph. El. 20 ; Ath. xi. p. 506, b ; Sext. Emp. adv. Math. vii. 13.) 2. Son of Cephalus of Syracuse, and brother to Lysias the orator. (Plat. Rep. i. p. 328 ; see vol. i. p. 668, a.) 3. Son of Diodes, and a disciple of Socrates, ■whom Xenophon represents as rebuking him, after his peculiar fashion, for imagining himself to know more than he did. (Plat. Conv. p. 222 ; Xen. Mem. i. 2. § 29, iv. 2.) 4. A man of Sicyon, who made himself tyrant of the city, together with Timocleidas. On their deposition, according to Pausanias, the supreme power was committed to Cleinias, the father of Aratus. [Cleinias, No. 5.] 5. A writer on cookery, referred to by Athe- naeus, who quotes certain verses of his on salted fish, set forth by him in joke as a genuine frag- ment of Hesiod. (Athen. iii. p. 116, a. xii. p. 516, c.) [E. E.] EUTHYDE'MUS (EjejSTj/ios), king of Bac- tria, was a native of Magnesia. (Polyb. xi. 34.) We know nothing of the circumstances attending liis elevation to the sovereignty of Bactria, but he seems to have taken advantage of dissensions among the descendants of those who had first established the independence of that country, and to have wrest- ed the sovereign power either from Diodotus II. or some of his family. He then extended his power over the neighbouring provinces, so as to become the founder of the greatness of the Bactrian mon- archy, though not the actual founder of the king- dom, as has been erroneously inferred from a passage in Strabo. (Strab. xi. p. 515 ; Polyb. xi. 34 ; Wilson's Ariana, p. 220.) Antiochus the Great, after his expedition against Parthia in B. c. 212, proceeded to invade the territories of the Bactrian king. Euthydemus met him on the banks of the Arius, but was defeated and compelled to fall back upon Zariaspa, the capital of Bactria. (Polyb. X. 49.) From hence he entered into nego- tiations with Antiochus, who appears to have despaired of effecting his subjugation by force, as he was readily induced to come to terms, by which he confirmed Euthydemus in the regal dignity, and gave one of his own daughters in marriage to his son Demetrius. In return for this, Euthydemus lent him his support in his Indian expedition. (Polyb. xi. 34.) The commencement of the reign of Euthydemus may be referred with much probability to about b. c. 220. (Wilson's EUTHYMIUS. J nana, p. 221.) Silver coins of this prince, of Greek style of workmanship and bearing Greek inscriptions, have been found in considerable num- bers at Bokhara, Balkh, and other places within the limits of Bactria, thus attesting the extent to which Greek civilization had been introduced into those remote regions. (Ibid. p. 222.) [E. H. B.] COIN OF EUTHYDEMUS. EUTHY'MANES, or more correctly EUTH Y'- MENES (Evdv/u.fi'Tjs), of Massilia, is referred to several times as the author of a geographical work, the real nature of which, however, is unknown. (Plut. de Plac. Philos. 4; Athen. ii. c. 90 ; Lydus de Mens. 68 ; Artemid. Epit. p. 63.) Clemens of Alexandria (5^rom. i. p. 141) mentions an Euthy- menes as the author of XpoviKa, but whether they are the same or different persons, cannot be deter- mined. [L. S.] EUTHYME'DES, a Greek painter of some note, whose time is unknown. (Plin. xxxv. 11, s. 40. § 42.) [P. S.] EUTHY'MIDAS, a leading man at Chalcis in Euboea, was driven out of his native city by the Roman party, and made an unsuccessful attempt in B.C. 192 to bring it under the power of the Aetolians. (Liv. xxxv. 37, 38.) EUTHY'MIDES, a vase-painter, whose name occurs frequently on vessels found at Adria on the Po, and at Volci. (Miiller, Arch. d. Kunst, § 257, n. 7.) [P. S.] EUTHY'MIUS ZIGABE'NUS, aGreek monk of the convent of the Virgin Mary at Constantino- ple, lived about the beginning of the 1 2th century of our era, at the time of the emperor Alexius Comnenus, with whom he was connected by inti- mate friendship. In A. D. 1 1 1 8, when the emperor died, Euthymius was still alive; and he himself says that he twice heard the emperor dispute against the enemies of the Greek church — that is, probably against the Latins. Respecting his life, see especially Anna Comnena (lib. xv.) and L. Allatius. {De Consens. utr. Eccles. ii. 10. 5.) Eu- thymius was the author of several works, all of which are still extant in numerous MSS., but the following only have been printed : 1. UavoiTKia SoynaTLKTl rrjs op0o5o|oi/ irlcTTews, directed against heretics of every class, was written by the command of Alexius Comnenus. It is divided into '28 titles, and its substance is taken chiefly from the eariy ecclesiastical fathers. A Latin translation of it was published by P. F. Zinus, Venice, 1555, fol., reprinted at Lyons, 1556, 8vo., and at Paris, 1560, 8vo. The Greek original has not yet been pub- lished, except the last title, which is contained in Sylburg's Saracenica, pp. 1 — 54. 2. Victory and Triumph over the impious, manifold, and execrable sect of the Messaliani, &c., together with fourteen anathemata pronounced against them. It was edited in Greek, with a Latin version and notes.