Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 2.djvu/137

Rh EUTHALIUS. 2. A Commentary to Aristotle's EtJiica Nicomacliea^ published in the Greek language with some other commentators on the same work, Venice, 1536, fol., and in the Latin language by J. Bernardus Felici- anus, Ven. 1541, 1589, fol., Paris. 1543, Helmst. 1662, 4to. But, according to the latest researches, this commentary consists of very diiferent mate- rials, and great parts of it are the work of other interpreters, as Aspasius and Michael Ephesius. This has been proved chiefly by the researches of Schleiermacher, in his writings on the Greek Scholia to the Ethics of Aristotle (printed in the Ahhandlungen der Berliner A kademie der Wtssensch. of the year 1816—1817, p. 263, &c.). Schleier- macher has shewn that the author of the commen- tary to the first book of the Ethics cannot possibly be the same person as the author of the com- mentary to the sirih book, because very different interpretations of the 'E|a>Te/jjKOi Aoyoi of Aristotle are given in the two passages cited. (See Stahr, Aristotelian ii. pp. 261, 262 ; Schleiermacher, p. 267.) Probably Eustratius is only the author of the commentary to the sixth book, which is much l)etter than the rest, and from which the commen- taries to the second, third, and fourth book greatly differ. But perhaps the commentary to the first is also to be ascribed to Eustratius, and the dif- ference on the signification of the 'E^wrepiKoJ AJ7ot may have been occasioned by Eustratius himself borrowing one. opinion or the other from more ancient interpreters. The commentaries of Eustratius greatly differ from similar works of elder commentators by their not being uninterrupted treatises on philosophical subjects, but coinmentaries in the proper sense of the word, explaining single words and things. It is this which renders them of great importance. In the middle ages Robert of Lincoln translated this commentary into Latin, and Albertus Magnus and St. Thomas Aquinas made considerable use of it in their interpretation of Aristotle. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iii. pp. 215, 264 ; Buhle's Aris- iutle, vol. i. p. 299.) [A. S.] EUTE'LIDAS, statuary. [Chrysothkmis.] EUTE'LIDAS ( EiireAiSas), a Lacedaemonian who gained a prize at Olyrapia in wrestling and in the pentathlon of boys, in b. c. 628 (01. 38), which was the first Olympiad in which the pentathlon, and the second in which wrestling was performed by boys. (Pans. v. 9. § 1, vi. 15, § 4, &c.) [L.S.] EUTERPE. [MusAE.] EUTHA'LIUS (Eu0aAios), bishop of Sulce, lived, according to some, at the time of the great Athanasius ; and Cave, in the London edition of his Hist. Lit., places him in A. D. 398, whereas, in the Basle edition (i. p. 466), he places him about A. D. 458. The latter supposition agrees with a 6tatemt:nt of Euthalius himself, in his Introduction to the Life of St. Paul. When Euthalius was yet a young man, he divided the Epistles of St. Paul into chapters and verses ; and after his elevation to the bishopric, he did the same with the Acts of the Apostles and the Catholic Epistles. The Epis- tles of St. Paul, however, had been divided in that manner before him, about A. d. 396 ; but Euthalius added the argumenta of the chapters, indexes, and the passages of Scripture to which allusions are made in the Epistles. This work he afterwards sent to Athanasius the younger, who was bishop of Alexandria in A. d. 490. A portion of it was first published by cardinal Ximenes, in 1514. EUTHYDEMUS. 123 Erasmus, in his several editions of the New Testa- ment, incorporated the Argumenta to the Epistles of St. Paul and the Acts. The Prologue on the Life of St. Paul, with a prefatory Epistle, was first edited by J. H. Boeclerus at the end of his edition of the New Testament, Argentorat, 1645 and 1660, 12mo., from which it was afterwards often re- printed. All the works of Euthalius were edited by L. Zaccagni, in his Collectanea monum. vet. Eccles. Graecae, Rome, 1698, 4to. Whether Eu- thalius also wrote a commentary on the Gospel of St. Luke and on the Acts, is uncertain, at least there is no distinct mention of them, and no MSS. are known to exist. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ix. p. 287, &c.; Cave, Hist. Lit. vol. i. p. 252.) [L. S.] EU'THIAS (Ei)0ias), an Athenian orator of the time of Demosthenes. He brought an accusation against Phryne, and as he failed in his attempt to bring about her condemnation, he abstained ever after from speaking in the courts of justice. (Athen. xiii. p. 590 ; Alciphr. Epist. i. 10, &c. ; Suidas. s. v. Euflms ; Schol. ad Hermog. p. 45.) [L. S.] EUTHYCLES (Ej0i;/cjs). 1. An Athenian comic poet of the old comedy, whose plays "Ao-wrot r 'ETTtCToATj and 'AraAai/rTj are mentioned by Suidas {s. V. EvdvKXijs and ^ovs eSSoixos), and the former is quoted by Athenaeus (iii. p. 124, c). Nothing more is known of him. (Meineke, Frag. Com. Graec. vol. i. pp. 270, 271, vol. ii. p. 890 ; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ii. p. 448.) 2. Of Rhegium, a Pythagorean philosopher, (lamblich. Vit. Pyth. cc. 27, 36.) [P. S.] EUTHY'CRATES ( Ei30uKpcb-7?s), a Greek statuary, whom Pliny places at 01. 120, B, c. 300. (xxxiv. 8. s. 19.) He v/as the most distinguished son and pupil of Lysippus, whom he imitated more in his diligence than in his gracefulness, preferring severe truth to elegance of expression. (Plin. I. c. § 7.) This feature of his style was seen in a most excellent statue of Hercules, at Delphi, and in his statues of Alexander, the hunter Thestis, and the Thestiadae : the rest of the passage, in which Pliny enumerates his works, is hopelessly cornipt. (See Sillig, Catal. Artif. s. v.) According to Tatian, Euthycrates made statues of courtezans. {Orat. in Graec. 52 p. 114, ed. Worth.) [P. S.] EUTHYDE'MUS(Ei;0i557?Atos),an Athenian com- mander in the Peloponnesian war, was, at the close of its eighteenth year, b. c. 414, raised from a par- ticular to a general command in the army besieging Syracuse. The object was to meet the urgent entreaty of Nicias for immediate relief from the burden of the sole superintendence, without mak- ing him wait for the arrival of the second arma- ment. This position he appears to have occu- pied to the end, though probably subordinate as well to Demosthenes and Eurymedon as to Nicias. Whether he as well as his colleague Menander took part in the night attack on Epipolae appears doubtful. He is expressly named by Thucydides only once again, as united, in the last desperate engagement in the harbour, with Demosthenes and Menander in command of the ships. Diodorus names him in the previous sea-fight, as opposed on the left wing to the Syracusan Sicanus. Plutarch, who mentions his appointment with Menander, ascribes the occurrence of the second sea-fight, in which the Athenians received their first defeat, to the eagerness of the two new commanders to dis- play their abilities. But this looks very like a late conjecture, such as Ephorus was fond of making