Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 2.djvu/109

Rh EUNONES. EU'NOMUS (EOVojuos), a son of Architeles, was killed by Heracles. (ApoUod. ii. 7. § 6.) Eus- tathius (ad Horn., p. 1900) calls him Archias or Chaerias. [L. S.] EU'NOMUS (Evuofjios), fifth or sixth king of Sparta in the Proclid line, is described by Paiisa- nias, Plutarch, and others, as the father of Lycurgus and Polydectes. Herodotus, on the contrary, places him in his list after Polydectes, and Dionysius of Halicarnassus gives the name to the nephew in whose stead Lycurgus governed. Simonides, finally, makes Lycurgus and Eunomus the children of Prytanis. In all probability, the name was invented with re- ference to the Lycurgean Ewo/j-ia, and Eunomus, if not wholly rejected, must be identified with Po- lydectes. In the reign of Eunomus and Polydectes, says Pausanias, Sparta was at peace. (Plut. Zyc. 2; Paus. iii. 7. § 2; Herod, viii. 131 ; See Clinton, F. H. i. p. 143, note z, and p. 335, where the question is fully discussed ; compare Miiller, Do- rians, book i. 7. § 3, and § 6, note 6.) [A. H. C] EU'NOMUS ( EiJj/o/xos ), an Athenian, was sent out in command of thirteen ships, in B. c. 388, to act against the Lacedaemonian Gorgopas, vice-admiral of Hierax, and the Ae- ginetan privateers. Gorgopas, on his return from Ephesus, whither he had escorted Antalcidas on his mission to the Persian court, fell in with the squadron of Eunomus, which chased him to Aegina. Eunomus then sailed away after dark, and was pursued by Gorgopas, who captured four of his triremes, in an engagement off Zoster, in Attica, while the rest escaped to the Peiraeeus (Xen. Hell. v. i. §§ 5—9). This was, perhaps, the same Eunomus whom Lysias mentions {pro ban. Arist. pp. 153, 154) as one of those sent by Conon to Sicily, to persuade Dionysius I. to form an alliance with Athens against Sparta. The mis- sion was so far successful, that Dionysius withheld the ships which he was preparing to despatch to the aid of the Lacedaemonians. [E. E.] EU'NOMUS (Eui/oMos), a cithara-player of Locri, in Italy. One of the strings of his cithara being broken (so runs the tale) in a musical con- test at the Pythian games, a cicada perched on the instrument, and by its notes supplied the defi- ciency. Strabo tells us there was a statue of Eunomus at Locri, holding his cithara with the cicada, his friend in need, upon it. (Strab. vi. p. 260 ; Casaub. ad loc. ; Clem. Alex. Protre.pt. i.; comp. Ael. Hist. An. v. 9.) [E. E.] EU'NOMUS {EvvofjLOs). 1. A Greek physician, who must have lived in or before the first century after Christ, as one of his medical formulae is quoted by Asclepiades Pharmacion. (Ap. Galen. de Compos. Medicam. sec. Gen. v. 14. vol. xiii. p. 850, 851.) In the passage in question, for Ewo/xos 6 'A(TK}Trt.d5ris we should probably read Evvo/jlos 6 'Acr/cATjTriaSejos^, that is, a follower of Asclepiades of Bithynia, who lived in the first century B. c. 2. A physician in the fourth century after Christ, mentioned in ridicule by Ausonius, Ejngr. 75. [W. A. G.] EUNO'NES, king of the Adorsi or Aorsi, with whom the Romans made an alliance in their war against Mithridates, king of the Bosporus, in B. c. 50, and at whose court Mithridates took refuge, when he was unable any longer to hold out against the Romans. Eunones, taking compassion on him, wrote to the emperor Claudius on his behalf. (Tac. Ann. xii. 15, 18, 19.) EUNUS. 95 EUNOSTUS {Etpo(TTos). 1. A hero of Tanagra in Boeotia. He was a son of Elinus, and brought up by the nymph Eunoste. Ochne, the daughter of Colonus, fell in love with him ; but he avoided her, and when she thereupon accused him before her brothers of improper conduct towards her, they slew him. Afterwards Ochne confessed that she had falsely accused him, and threw herself down a rock. Eunostus had a sanctuarj' at Tanagra in a sacred grove, which no woman was allowed to ap- proach. (Plut. Quaest. Gr. 40.) 2. A goddess of mills, whose image was set up in mills, and who was believed to keep watch over the just weight of flour. (Hesych. s. v. ; Eustath. ad Horn. pp. 214, 1383.) [L. S.] EUNUS (Euj/ous), the leader of the Sicilian slaves in the servile war which broke out in 1 30 B. c. He was a native of Apamea in Syria, and had become the slave of Antigenes, a wealthy citizen of Enna in Sicily. He first attracted atten- tion by pretending to the gift of prophecy, and by- interpreting dreams ; to the effect of which ha added by appearing to breathe flames from his mouth, and other similar juggleries. (Diod. Eocc. Phoiii. xxxiv. ■p.526.) He had by these means obtained a great reputation among the ignorant population, when he was consulted by the slaves of one Damophilus (a citizen of Enna, of immense wealth, but who had treated his unfortunate slaves with excessive cruelty) concerning a plot they had formed against their master. Eunus not only- promised them success, but himself joined in tlieir enterprise. Having assembled in all to the number of about 400 men, they suddenly attacked Enna, and being joined by their fellow-slaves within the town, quickly made themselves masters of it. Great excesses were committed, and almost all the freemen put to death ; but Eunus interfered to save some who had previously shewn him kindness ; and the daughter of Damophilus, who had always shewn much gentleness of disposition and opposed the cruelties of her father and mother, was kindly treated by the slaves, and escorted in safety to Catana. (Diodor. l. c. Eocc. Vales, xxxiv. p. 600.) Eunus had, while yet a slave, prophesied that he should become a king ; and after the capture of Enna, being chosen by his fellow-slaves as their leader, he hastened to assume the royal diadem and the title of king Antiochus. Sicily was at this time swarming with numbers of slaves, a great proportion of them Syrians, who flocked to the standard of their countryman and fellow-bonds- man. A separate insurrection broke out in the south of the island, headed by Cleon, a Cilician, who assembled a band of 5000 aimed slaves, with which he ravaged the whole territory of Agrigen- tum ; but he soon joined Eunus, and, to the sur- prise of all men, submitted to act under him as his lieutenant. (Diodor. I. c; Liv. Epit. lib. Ivi.) The revolt now became general, and the Romans Avere forced to adopt vigorous measures against the insurgents ; but the praetors who first led armies against them were totally defeated. Several others successively met with the same fate ; and in the year 134 B.C. it was thought necessary to send the consul C. Fulvius Flaccus to subdue the insurrec- tion. What he effected we know not, but it is evident that he did not succeed in his object, as the nfext year Calpurnius Piso was employed on the same service, who defeated the servile army in a great battle near Messana. This success was