Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 2.djvu/108

Rh 94 EUNOMIUS. EUNEUS (Evvrjos or ESveus), a son of Jason by Hypsipyle, in the island of Lemnos, from whence he supplied the Greeks during their war against Troy with wine. He purchased Lycaon, a Trojan prisoner, of Patroclus for a silver urn. (Horn. //. vii. 468, xxiii. 741, &c. ; Strab. i. p. 41.) The Eu- neidae, a famous family of cithara- players in Lemnos, traced their origin to Euneus. (Eustath. ad Horn. p. 1327 ; Hesych. s. v. EiuelSai.) [L. S.] EUNI'CUS (EvviKos), an Athenian comic poet of the old comedy, contemporary with Aristophanes and Philyllius. Only one line of his is preserved, from his play "Avreia, which was also attributed to Philyllius. The title is taken from the courtezan, Anteia, who is mentioned by Demosthenes {c.Neaer. p. 1351) and Ananandrides («/>. Atlten. xv. p. 570, e.) and who was also made the subject of comedies by Alexis and Antiphanes. There was also a co- medy, entitled IloAets, which was variously ascribed to Aristophanes, Philyllius, and Iilunicus. The name of this poet is sometimes given incorrectly AXvLKos. {^mdi. s. V. PuviKos ; Eudoc. p. 69; Theo- gnostus, ap. Bekker. Anecdot. p. 1369 ; Athen. iii. p. 86, e., iv. p. 140, a., xiii. pp. 567, c, 586, e. ; Pollux, X. 1 00 ; Meineke, Frag. Com. Grace, vol. i. pp. 249, 250, vol. ii. p. 856 ; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. voL ii.p.444.) [P. S.] EUNI'CUS, a distinguished statuary and silver- chaser of ]Iytilene, seems, from the order in which he is mentioned by Plinj-, to have lived not long before the time of Pompey the Great. (Plin. xxxiii. 12. s. 55; xxxiv. 8. s. 19. § 25.) [P. S.] EUNO'MIA. [HoRAE.] EUNO'MIUS (EOw/xios), was a native of Da- cora, a village in Cappadocia, and a disciple of the Arian Aetius, whose heretical opinions he adopted. He was, however, a man of far greater talent and acquirements than Aetius, and extended his views so far, that he himself became the founder of a sect called the Eunomians or Anomoei, because they not only denied the equality between the Father and the Son, but even the similarity (oVotoTijs). Eunomius was at first a deacon at Antioch, and in a. d. 360 he succeeded Eleusius as bishop of Cyzicus. But he did not remain long in the enjoyment of that post, for he was deposed in the same year by the command of the emperor Constantius, and expelled by the inhabitants of Cyzicus. (Philostorg. ix. 5; Theodoret, ii. 27, 29 ; Socrat. iv. 7 ; Sozom. vi. 8.) In the reign of Ju- lian and Jovian, Eunomius lived at Constantinople, and in the reign of Valens, he resided in the neigh- bourhood of Chalcedon, until he was denounced to the emperor for harbouring in his house the tyrant Procopius, in consequence of which he was sent to Mauritania into exile. When, on his way thither, he had reached Mursa in Illyricum, the emperor called him back. Theodosius the Great afterwards exiled him to a place called Halmyris, in Moesia, on the Danube. (^ Sozom. vii. 17; Niceph. xii. 29.) But being driven away from that place by the barbarians, he was sent to Caesareia. Here, too, he met with no better reception ; for, having writ- ten against their bishop, Basilius, he was hated by the citizens of Caesareia. At length, he was per- mitted to return to his native village of Dacora, where he spent the remainder of his life, and died at an advanced age, about a. d. 394. Eutropius Patricius ordered his body to be carried to Tyana, and there to be entrusted to the care of the monks, in order that his disciples might not carry it to EUNOMIUS. Constantinople, and bury it in the same tomb with that of his teacher Aetius. His works were or- dered by imperial edicts to be destroyed. His contemporary, Philostorgius, who himself was a Eunomian, praises Eunomius so much, that hia whole ecclesiastical history has not unjustly been called an encomium upon him. Philostorgius wrote, besides, a separate encomium upon Eunomius, which, however, is lost. Photius {Bibl. Cod. 138), who gives an abridgment of Philostorgius, and Socrates (iv. 7) judge less favourably of him ; for they state that Eunomius spoke and wrote in a verbose and inflated style, and that he constantly repeated the same things over again. They further charge him with sophistry in his mode of arguing, and with ignorance of the Scriptures. It should, however, be remembered that these charges are made by his avowed enemies, such as Athanasius, Basilius the Great, Gregorius Nazianzenus, Grego- rius of Nyssa, Chrysostom, and others, who attacked him not only in their general works on the history of the church, but in separate polemical treatises. Eunomius wrote several works against the or- thodox faith ; and Rufinus (//. E. i. 25) remarks that his arguments were held in such high esteenn by his followers, that they were set above the authority of the Scriptures. After his death, edicts were repeatedly issued that his works should be destroyed (Philostorg. xi. 5 ; Cod. Theod. xvi. 34), and hence most of his works themselves have not come down to us, and all that is extant consists of ■ what is quoted by his opponents for the purpose of refuting him. The following works are known to have been written by him : 1. A commentary on tiie Epistle to the Romans, in seven books, which is censured by Socrates (iv. 7 ; comp. Suidas, s. v. EvvofJLios) for its verbose style and shallowness. 2. Epistles, of which Photius {Bibl. Cod. 138) read about fort}^ and in which he found the same faults as in the other works of Eunomius ; but Philostorgius (x. 6 ; comp. Niceph. xii. 29) pre- ferred them to his other writings. 3. An Exposi- tion of Faith, which was laid before the emperor Theodosius at Constantinople in a. d. 383, when several bishops were summoned to that city to make declarations of their faith. (Socrat. v. 10; Sozom. vii. 12.) This little work is still extant, and has been edited by Valesius in his notes on Socrates {I. c), and after him by Baluz in the Nova Collect. Concil. vol. i. p. 89. The best edition is that of Ch. H. G. Rettberg, in his Marceiliana, Gritting. 1794, 8vo. 4. 'A7roAo77jTt/fos, or a de- fence of his doctrines. This is the famous treatise of which Basilius wrote a refutation in five books, which accordingly contain a great many extracts from the Apologeticus. The beginning and the epi logue are printed in Cave's Hist. Lit. vol. i. p. 171, &c. with a Latin translation ; but the whole is still extant, and was published in an English trans- lation by W. Whiston, in his Eunomianismus Bedivivus, London, 1711, 8vo. The Greek original has never been published entire. After the refu- tation of Basilius had appeared, Eunomius wrote, 5. 'ATToKoyias 'AiroXoyla, which, however, was not published till after his death. Like the Apolo- geticus, it was attacked by several orthodox writers, whose works, except that of Gregorius of Nyssa, have perished together with that of Eunomius. (Gregor. Nyss. vol. ii. pp. 289, 298, &c. ed. 1638.) See Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ix. p. 207, &c. ; Cave, Hist. Lit. vol. i. p. 169, &c. [L. S.]