Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/990

Rh 972 DEMETRIUS. Apaineus. {De Morb. Chron. v. 9, p. 581.) He is also several times quoted by Soranus. (Z)e Ai-tc Ohsfetr. pp. 99, 101, 102, 206, 210, 285.) 2. A physician called by Galen by the title of Archiater {De Antid. i. 1, vol. xiv. p. 4 ; jDe The- riaca ad Pison. c. 12, vol. xiv. p. 261), must have lived in the second century after Christ, as that title was not invented till the reign of Nero. {Did. of Ant. s. V. Archiater.) Galen speaks of him as a contemporary. 3. A native of Bithynia, who is quoted by He- racleides of Tarentura (apud Gal. De Compos. Me- dicam. sec. Gen. iv. 7, vol. xiii. p. 722), must have lived about the third or second century b. c, as Mantias, the tutor of Heraclides, was a pupil of Herophilus. He is probably the same person as the native of Apamea. 4. Demetrius Pepagomenus. [Pkpagome- Nus.] [W. A. G.] DEME'TRIUS, artists. 1. An architect, who, in conjunction with Paeonius, finished the great temple of Artemis at Ephesus, which Chersiphron had begun about 220 years before. He probably lived about B. c. 340, but his date cannot be fixed with certainty. Vitruvius calls him servus Dianae, that is, a Up65ovos. (Vitruv. vii. PraeL $ 16 ; Chbrsiphon.) 2. A statuary of some distinction. Pliny men- tions his statue of Lysimache, who was a priestess of Athena for sixty-four years ; his sUitue of Athena, which was called Musica {fJLOvfflia])^ be- cause the serpents on the Gorgon's head sounded like the strings of a lyre when struck ; and his equestrian statue of Simon, who was the earliest writer on horsemanship. (Plin. xxxiv. 8. s. 19. § 15.) Now Xenophon mentions a Simon who wrote iTfpl tTTTTj/c^y, and who dedicated in the Eleusinium at Athens a bronze horse, on the base of which his own feats of horsemanship (tc{ kavrov tpya) were represented in relief {trepl iTnriicfjs, 1, init.). The Eleusinium was built by Pericles. It woTild seem therefore that Simon, and consequent- ly Demetrius, lived between the time of Pericles and the latter part of Xenophon's life, that is, in the latter half of the fifth or the former half of the fourth century B. c. It is not likely, therefore, that he could have been a contemporary of Lysip- pus, as Meyer supposes. Hirt mentions a bas- relief in the Museo Nani, at Venice, which he thinks may have been copied from the equestrian Btatue of Simon. {Gesch.d. Bild. Kunst. p. 191.) According to Quintilian (xii. 10), Demetrius was blamed for adhering in his statues so closely to the likeness as to impair their beauty. He is mentioned by Diogenes Laertius (v. 85). There can be little doubt that he is the same person as Demetrius of Alopece, whose bronze statue of Pellichus is described by Lucian {Philops. 18, 20), who, on account of the defect just mentioned, calls Demetrius oi5 S-eoTroios Tts, dV dvQpayiToiTqivs. A ATjfi^Tptos AT)fJLT]rpiov 'Yv(pfvs is mentioned in an extant inscription. (Biickh, i. 1330, No. 1409.) 3. A painter, whose time is unknown. (Diog. Laert. v, 83.) Perhaps he is the same who is mentioned by Diodorus {Exc. Vat. xxxi. 8) as Ariixr,Tpios 6 TOTroypd(pos, or, as Miiller reads, roLXoypa<pos {Arch. d. Ku7ist. § 182, n. 2), and who lived at Rome about b. c. 164. Valerius Maximus calls him pictor Alexandrinus (v. 1. §1). 4. An Ephesian silversmith, who made silver DEMOCEDES. shrines for Artemis. {Acts of tJie Apostles, xix. 24.) [P. S.] DEMIA'NUS, CLAU'DIUS, a contemporary of Nero. He had been thrown into prison by L. Vetus, the proconsul of Asia, for his criminal con- duct ; but he was released by Nero, that he might join Fortunatus, a freedman of L. Vetus, in accus- ing his patron. (Tac. Ann. xvi. 10.) [L. S.] DE'MIPHON, a king of Phlagusa, who, in order to avert a pestilence, was commanded by an oracle every year to sacrifice a noble maiden. He obej'ed the command, and had every year a maiden drawn b)' lot, but did not allow his own daughters to draw lots with the rest. One Mastusius, whose daughter had been sacrificed, was indignant at the king's conduct, and invited him and his daughters to a sacrificial feast. Mastusius killed the king's daughters, and gave their blood in a cup to the father to drink. The king, on discovering the deed, ordered Mastusius and the cup to be thrown into the sea, which hence received the name of the Mastusian. (Hygin. Poet. Astr. ii. 40. [L. S.] DEMIURGUS {A-nfjuovpySs), the author, ac- cording to the Vatican Codex, of a single epigram in the Greek Anthology. (Brunck, Atial. iii. 257; Jacobs, iv. 224, No. Dii., xiii. 882.) [P. S.] DEMO {ArjfjLw), a name of Demeter. (Sui- das, s. V. At^u}.) It also occurs as a proper name of other mythical beings, such as the Cumaean Sibyl (Pans. x. 12. § 1) and a daughter of Celeus and Metaneira, who, together with her sisters, kindly received Demeter at the well Callichoros in Attica. (Hom. Hymn, in Cer. 109.) [L. S.] DEMOCE'DES (Atj^ho/c^'Stjs), the son of Calli- phon, a celebrated physician of Crotona, in Magna Graecia, who lived in the sixth century B. c. He left his native country and went to Aegina, where he received from the public treasury the sum of one talent per annum for his medical services, i. e. (if we reckon, with Hussey, Ancient Weights and Money, ^'c, the Aeginetan drachma to be worth one shilling and a penny three farthings) not quite 344/. The next year he went to Athens, where he was paid one Imndred minae, i. e. rather more than 406Z. ; and the year following he removed to the island of Samos in the Aegean sea, and re- ceived from Polycrates, the tyrant, the increased salary of two talents, i. e. (if the Attic standard be meant) 487/. 10s. (Herod, iii. 131.) He accom- panied Polycrates when he was seized and put to death by Oroetes, the Persian governor of Sardis (b. c. 522), by whom he was himself seized and carried prisoner to Susa to the court of Dareius, the son of Hystaspes. Here he acquired great riches and reputation by curing the king's foot, and the breast of the queen Atossa. {Ibid. c. 133.) It is added by Dion Chrysostom {Dissert, i. De Invid. p. 652, sq.), that Dareius ordered the physicians who had been unable to cure him to be put to death, and that they Avere saved at the interces- sion of Democedes. Notwithstanding his honours at the Persian court, he was always desirous of returning to his native country. In order to effect this, he pretended to enter into the views and in- terests of the Persians, and procured by means of Atossa that he should be sent with some nobles to explore the coast of Greece, and ascertain in what parts it might be most successfully attacked. When they arrived at Tarentum, the king, Aris- tophilides, out of kindness to Democedes, seized the Persians as spies, which afforded the physician