Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/986

Rh 968 DEMETRIUS. GrypuB. Demetrius II. bears on his coins, in addition to the title of Nicator, those of Theos Philadelphus. From the dates on them it appears that some must have been struck during his cap- tivity, as well as both before and after. This ac- cords also with the difference in the style of the portrait : those struck previous to his captivity having a youthful and beardless head, while the coins subsequent to that event present his portrait with a long beard, after the Parthian fashion. (Eckhel, iii. pp. 229-31.) [E. H. B.] DEMETRIUS (Arj/i7fTptos)III., king of Syria, sumamed Eucaerus, was the fourth son of An- tiochus Grypus, and grandson of Demetrius II. During the civil wars that followed the death of Antiochus Grypus, Demetrius was set up as king of Damascus or Coele Syria, by the aid of Ptolemy Lathurus, king of Cyprus ; and after the death of Antiochus Eusebes, he and his brother Philip for a time held the whole of Syria. (Joseph. Ant. xiii. 13. <S 4.) His assistance was invoked by the Jews against the tyranny of Alexander Jan- naeus; but though he defeated that prince in a pitched battle, he did not follow up his victory, but withdrew to Beroea. War immediately broke out between him and his brother Philip, and Straton, the governor of Beroea, who supported Philip, having obtained assistance from the Ara- bians and Parthians, blockaded Demetrius in his camp, until he was compelled by famine to sur- render at discretion. He was sent as a prisoner to Mithridates, king of Parthia (Arsaces IX.), who detained him in an honourable captivity till his death. (Joseph. Ant. xiii. 14.) The coins of this prince are important as fixing the chronology of his reign; they bear dates from the year 218 to 224 of the era of the Seleucidae, i. e. b. c. 94 — 88. The surname Eucaerus is not found on these coins, some of which bear the titles Theos Philopator and Soter ; others again Philometor Euergetes Callini- cus. (Eckhel, iii. pp. 245-6.) [E. H. B.] COIN OF DEMETRIUS III. DEMETRIUS (AwT/JTpios), literary. The number of ancient authors of this name, as enume- rated by Fabricius (Bibl. Gr. xi. p. 413, &c.), amounts to nearly one hundred, twenty of whom are recounted by Diogenes Laertius. We subjoin a list of those who are mentioned by ancient au- thors, and exclude those who are unknown except from unpublished MSS. scattered about in various libraries of Europe. 1. Of Adramyttium, sumamed Ixiox, which surname is traced to various causes, among which we may mention, that he was said to have committed a robbery in the temple of Hera at Alexandria. (Suidas, s.v. Arf/xi^Tpios ; Diog, Laei*t. v. 84.) He was a Greek grammarian of the time of Augustus, and lived partly at Pergaraus and partly at Alex- andria, where he belonged to the critical school of Aristarchus. He is mentioned as the author of the following works : 1. 'E^TJyncris ets "Ofirjpov, ■which is often referred to. (Suid. /, c. ; Eudoc. p. 132; Schol. Venet. ad 11, i. 424, iii. 18, vi. 437 ; DEMETRIUS. Villoison, Proleg. ad ApoUon. Lex. p. 27.) 2. 'E|r{777o-is ets 'Wffiobov. (Suidas.) 3. 'Etu/xoAo- yovfi-eva or 'ETv/j-uXoyia. (Athen. ii. p. 50, iii. p. 64.) 4. Uep] TTJs 'AXe^avSptuv SiaXcKTov. (Athen. ix. p. 393.) 5. 'AttikoI -yXwaaai, of which a few fragments are still extant, {^co. ad Aristoph. Av. 1568, Ran. 78, 186, 310, 1001, 1021, 1227.) 6. On the Greek verbs terminating in fit. (Suidas.) 2. Of Alexandria, a Cynic philosopher, and a disciple of Theombrotus. (Diog. Laert. v. 95.) 3. Of Alexandria, a Peripatetic philosopher. (Diog. Laert, v. 84.) There is a work entitled v^pl fpfirjvdas, which has come down to us under the name of Demetrius Phalereus, which however, for various reasons, cannot be his production : writers of a later age (see e.g. §§ 76, 231, 246, 308) are referred to in it, and there are also words and ex- pressions which prove it to be a later work. Most critics are therefore inclined to ascribe it to our Demetrius of Alexandria. It is written with considerable taste, and with reference to the best authors, and is a rich source of information on the main points of oratory. If the work is the production of our Demetrius, who is known to have written on oratory (rex""' pTjTopiKai, Diog. Laert. /. c), it must have been written in the time of the Antonines. It was first printed in Aldus's Rhetores Graeci^ i. p. 573, &c. Separate modem editions were made by J. G. Schneider, Altenburg, 1779, 8vo., and Fr. Goller, Lips, 1837, 8vo. The best critical text is that in Walz's RJie- tor. Grace, vol. ix. init., who has prefixed valuable prolegomena. 4. Of AsPKNDUS, a Peripatetic philosopher, and a disciple of ApoUonius of Soli. (Diog. Laert. v. 83.) 5. Of BiTHYNiA. See below. 6. Of Byzantium, a Greek historian, was the author of two works (Diog. Laert. v. 83), the one containing an account of the migration of the Gauls from Europe to Asia, in thirteen books, and the other a history of Ptolemy Philadelphus and Anti- ochus Soter, and of their administration of Libya. From the contents of these works we may infer, with some probability, that Demetrius lived either shortly after or during the reign of those kings, under whom the migration of the Gauls took place, in B. c. 279. (Schmidt, de Fotdibus Veterum in cnarrand. Erped. Gallorum., p. 14, &c.) 7. Of Byzantium, a Peripatetic philosopher (Diog. Laert. v. 83), who is probably the same as the Demetrius (Id, ii. 20) beloved and instructed by Crito, and wrote a work which is sometimes called irept TronjTwi/, and sometimes repl TrotTjjuarwi' (unless they were different works), the fourth book of which is quoted by Athenaeus (x. p. 452, comp. xii. p. 548, xiv. p. 633). This is the only work mentioned by ancient writers ; but, besides some fragments of this, there have been discovered at Hcrculaneum fragments of two other works, viz. irepX Tivwv (rv^r]Tr]d4vTwu diairav, and rrepl to? Ilovaipov dnopias. {Volum. Hei-culan. i, p. 106, &c., ed, Oxford.) It is further not impossible that tliis philosopher may be the same as the one who tried to dissuade Cato at Utica from committing suicide. (Plut. Cut. Min. 65.) 8. Sumamed Callatianus. [Callatianus.] 9. Chomatiaxus. [Chomatianus.1 10. Chrysoloras. [Chrysoloras.] 11. Sumamed Chytras, a Cynic philosopher at Alexandria, in the reign of Constantius, who, sus- pecting him guilty of forbidden practices, ordered