Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/976

Rh 958 DEMARATUS. in the collections of the Attic orators, but its genuineness is still doubtful. Suidas attributes to Demades also a history of Delos and of the birth of Leto's children, but this work can scarcely have been the production of our Demades, and we know of no other person of this name to whom it can be ascribed. (Ruhnken, Hist. Crit. Orat. Gr. p. 71, &c. ; J. G. Hauptmann, Disputatio qua De- mad, et illi tributum. fragm. orat. amsideraiur, Gera, 1768, 4to,, reprinted in Reiske's Oratores, iv. p. 243, &c. ; H. Lhardy, Dissertatio de Demade Oratore Atheniensi, Berlin, 1834, 8vo. ; Wester- mann, Gexfi. d. ffriech. Beredtsamk. § 54, notes 1 1 —16.) [L. S.] DEMAE'NETUS (Avixalvfros), a surname of Asclepius, derived from the name of a temple of his on the Alpheius. (Paus. vi. 21. § 4.) [L. S.] .. DEMA'GORAS (ATjuaySpas), of Samos, is mentioned by Dionysius of Halicamassus {A. If. i. 72), together with Agathyllus, as a writer who agreed with Cephalon respecting the date of the foundation of Rome. But whether Demagoras was a poet like Agathyllus or not is uncertain. He is often mentioned by the grammarians. (Bek- ker, Anecd. p. 377 ; Baichmann, Anecd. i. p. 68 ; Eustath. ad II. ix. 558 ; Eudoc. p. 35 ; Apostol. Prov. ii. 51 ; Schol. ad Eurip. Phoen. 7.) [h. S.] DEMARATA, daughter of Hiero, king of Syra- cuse, was married to Andranodoms, the guardian of Hieronymus. After the assassination of the latter, she persuaded her husband to seize on the sovereign power; but his heart failed him, and he surrendered the citadel to the opposite party. After the establishment of the republic, she Vas put to death, together with her niece llannonia. (Liv. xxiv. 22—25.) [E. H. B.] DEMARA'TUSCAWpflToy), 15th Eurj-pontid, reigned at Sparta from about b, c. 510 to 491. Pausanias speaks of him as sharing with Cleomenes the honour of expelling Hippias (b. c. 510) (Paus. iii. 7 § 7), and Plutarch {de VirtiU. Mid. p. 245, d.) unites their names in the war against Argos. Under Telesilla, he s.iys ** the Argive women beat back Cleoracncs {airiKpovaavro) and thrust out Demaratus" (^|eo>o-av), as if the latter had for a time effected an entrance. " He had gained," 8ays Herodotus (vi. 70), " very frequent distinc- tion for deeds and for counsels, and had in par- ticular won for his country, alone of all her kings, an Olj-mpian victory in the four-horse chariot- race." His career, however, was cut short by dis- sensions with his colleague. In the invasion, by which Cleomenes proposed to wreak his vengeance on Athens, Demaratus, who was joint commander, on the arrival of the army at Eleusis, followed the example of the Corinthians, and refused to co- operate any further. The other allies began now to move away, and Cleomenes was forced to follow. (Herodot. v. 75.) Henceforward we may easily imagine that his fury at his indignities, and their general incompatibility of temper, would render the feud between them violent and obstinate. InB.c.491 Cleomenes while in Aegina found himself thwarted there, and intrigued against at home, by his adver- sary', who encouraged the Aeginetans to insult him by refusing to acknowledge the unaccredited autho- rity of a single king. Cleomenes returned, and set the whole of his vehement unscrupulous energy to work to rid himself of Demaratus, calling to his aid ! Leotychides, next heir to the house of Procles, I whom Demaratus had, moreover, made his enemy j DEMARATUS. by robbing him of his affianced bride, Percalns, daughter of Cheilon. (Herodot. vi. 61, 65.) The birth of Demaratus had been as follows : — King Ariston had twice married without issue. While his second wife was still alive, either in anxiety for an heir or out of mere passion, he sought and by a curious artifice obtained as his third the wife of his friend Agetus, a woman of remarkable beauty. He enticed the husband into an agreement, that each should give the other whatever he asked ; and when Agetus had chosen his gift, Ariston demanded in return that he should give him his wife. A son was bom. Ariston was sitting in judgment with the ephors when the tidings were brought, and counting the months on his fingers, said in their presence, " It cannot be mine." His doubts, however, appeared no further: he owned the child, and gave it, in allusion to the public prayer that had been made by the Spartans for an heir to his house, the name of Demaratus. (Ibid. vi. 61—64.) The father's expression was now brought up against the son, Leotychides declared him on oath to be wrongfully on the throne ; and, in the con- sequent prosecution, he brought forward the ephors, who had then been sitting with Ariston, to bear evidence of his words. The case was referred to the Delphian oracle, and was by it, through the corrupt interference of Cleomenes, decided for the accuser, who was in consequence raised to the throne. (Ibid. vi. 64 — GQ.) Demaratus, some time after, was sitting as magistrate sit the Gymnopaedian games. Leoty- chides sent his attendant to ask the insulting question, how it felt to be magistrate after being king. Demaratus, stung by the taunt, made a hasty and menacing reply; covered up his face, and withdrew home ; sacrificed there, and taking the sacred entrails, sought his mother and conjured her to let him know the truth. She replied by an account which assuredly leaves the modem reader as doubtful as before, but gave him perhaps the conviction which she wished, that his father was either Ariston or the hero Astrabacus ; and, in any case, he seems to have made up his mind to regain, by whatever means, his original rank. He went to Elis under pretext of a journey to Delphi, and here perhaps would have intrigued for sup- port, had not the Spartans suspected and sent for him. He then retired to Zacynthus, and on being pursued thither, made his way into Asia to king Dareius. (Ibid. 'i. 67—70.) At the court of Persia he was favourably re- ceived, and is said, b}' stating the Spartan usage, to have forwarded the claim of Xerxes to the throne to the exclusion of his brothers bom before their father's accession : and on the resolution being taken of invading Greece, to have sent, with what intent or feeling Herodotus would not venture to deteiTuine, a message, curiously concealed [Cleo- menes], to his countrj'men at Sparta, conveying the intelligence. (Ibid. vii. 3. 239.) Henceforward Demaratus performs in the story of Herodotus with high dramatic effect the part of the unheeded counsellor, who, accompanying the invasion and listened to by Xerxes, saw the weak- ness of those countless mjnnads, and ventured to combat the extravagant unthinking confidence of their leader. Thus at Doriscus, after the num- bering of the amiy ; thus at Thermopylae, when he explained that it was for battle the Spartans