Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/972

Rh 954 DEIOTARUS. idea in his tables, when he reckons a long period without kings between Arbaces and Dei'oces. (Compare Sardanapalus, and Clinton, F. H. v App. c. 3.) [P. S.] DEI'OCHUS (ATjfoxos), of Proconnesus, is mentioned by Dionysius of Halicamassus {Jud. de Thucyd. 2, 5) as one of the earliest Greek histo- rians, who lived previous to the time of Herodotus. He is probably the same person as the Deiochtis whom Stephanus of Bj'zantium (s. v. Adfi^paKos) calls a native of Cyzicus, and who wrote a work on Cyzicus (Tt^pi Ku^ikou), which is frequently referred to by the Scholiast on Apollonius Rhodius, who, however, calls him by his proper name only once (on i. 139), and in all the other passages refers to him under the name of AtjiAoxos, or Aiioxos. (Schol. ad ApoUon. i. 961, 966, 976, 987, 989, 1037, 1062, 1063, 1065, ii. 85, 106.) [L. S.] DEION (ATjiwi/). 1. A son of Aeolus and Enarete, was king in Phocis and husband of Dio- mede, by whom he became the father of Astero- peia, Aenetus, Actor, Phylacus, and Cephalus. (Apollod. i. 7. § 3, 9. § 4.) After the death of his brother, Salmoneus, he took his daughter Tyro into his house, and gave her in marriage to Cre- theus. His name occurs also in the form Deioneus. (Eustath. ad Horn. p. 1685.) 2. A son of Heracles and Megara, and brother of Deicoon. (Apollod. ii. 7. $ 8.) [L. S.] DEIO'NE (Atjiwi/tj), that is, the daughter of Deo or Demeter, is used as a name for Persephone. (Callimach. Fragm. 48.) It occurs also as a pro- per name of the mother of Miletus. (Ov. KfeL ix. 442.) [L. S.] DEIONEUS (ATjtoj/eiJs). 1. Father of Dia, the wife of Ixion. When he violently extorted from his son-in-law the bridal gifts, Ixion invited him to his house, and caused him to be thrown into a pit filled with fire, in which he perished. (Pind. Fyth. ii. 39.) 2. A son of Eurytus of Oechalia, whom The- seus married to Perigune, the daughter of Sinnis. (Plut. Thes, 8.) [L. S.] DEI'OPE (AtjI^tttj), a daughter of Triptolemus and mother of Eumolpus, or, according to others, of Triptolemus. (Paus. i. 14. § 2; Schol. ad Soph. Ocd. Co/. 1108 ; Aristot. Mirab. 143, 291.) [L.S.] DEIOPE'A, a fair Lydian nymph, who belonged to the suite of Hera, and whom she promised as a reward to Aeolus if he would assist her in destroy- ing the fleet of Aeneas. (Virg, Aen. i. 72.) [L.S.] DEIOPI'TES ( ATjioTrrxT/s), a son of Priam, who was slain by Odysseus. (Horn. //. xi. 420 ; Apol- lod. iii. 12. § 5.) [L. S.] DEIOTARUS (ATjtjTopos). 1. Tetrarch of Galatia. He is said by Plutarch to have been a very old man in b. c. 54, when Crassus, passing through Galatia on his Parthian expedition, rallied him on his building a new city at his time of life. He must therefore have attained to mature man- hood in B. c. 95, the year of the birth of Cato of Utica, whose father's friend he was, and who, we know, was left an orphan at a very early age. (Plut. Crass. 17, Cat. Min. 12, 1 5 ; Pseudo-Appian, Farth. p. 136 ; comp. Cato, p. 647, a.) Deiotarus adhered firmly to the Romans in their wars in Asia, and in B. c. 74 defeated in Phrj-gia the ge- nerals of Mithridates. For his services he was honoured by the senate with the title of king, and, probably in B. c. 63, the year of the death of Mi- thridates, had Gadelouitis and Armenia Minor DEIOTARUS. added to his dominions. Appian, apparently by an oversight, says that Pompey made him tetnuch of Galatia. He succeeded, indeed, doubtless by Roman favour, in encroaching on the rights of the other tetrarchs of that district, and obtaining nearly the whole of it for himself. (Strab. xii. pp. 547, 567; Casaub. ad loc.; Vi,. Fomp. 38; Appian, Ddl. Mithr. 114; Cic. pro Deiot 13, Fhil. xi. 12, de Har. Resp. 13 ; Hirt. Bdl Alex. 67.) In B. c. 51, when Cicero was encamped at Cybistra on the borders of Cappadocia, for the protection of Cappa- docia and Cilicia against the Parthians, Deiotarus offered to join him with all his forces, and was in- deed on his way to do so, when Cicero sent to in- form him that events had rendered his assistance unnecessary. (Cic. Fhil. xi. 13, ad Fam. viii. 10, XV, 1, 2, 4.) In the civil war, Deiotarus attached himself to the cause of Pompey, together with whom he effected his escape in a ship after the battle of Pharsalia in B. c. 48. (Plut. Fomp. 73 ; Appian, Dell. Civ. ii. 71 ; Caes. Bell. Civ. iii. 4; Cic. de Div. ii. 37, pro Deiot. 3, 4 ; Lucan. Fhars. v. 55, viii. 209.) In b. c. 47 he applied to Domi- tius Cjilvinus, Caesai-'s legate in Asia, for aid against Phamaces, who had taken possession of Armenia Minor, and who in the campaign which followed defeated the Roman and Galatian forces near Nicopolis. (Hirt. Bell Alex. 34 — 41, 65—77; Appian, J5e//. Civ. ii. 91; Plut. Caes. 50; Dion Cass. xlii. 45 — 48 ; Sueton. Jul. 35 ; Cic. ad Fam. XV. 15, pro Deiot. 5.) When Caesar, in the same year, came into Asia from Egj'pt, Deiotarus received him with submission, and endeavoined to excuse the aid he had given to Pompey. According to Hir- tius {Bell. Alex. 67, 78), Caesar left him his title of king, but gave his tetrarchy to Mithridates of Pergamus. Cicero tells us {de Div. . 15, comp. Fhtl. ii. 37), that he was deprived both of his tetrarchy and kingdom, not however of his regal title {pro Deiot. 13), and fined. Dion Cassius sjiys (xli. 63), that Caesar did indeed bestow on Ario- barzanes, king of Cappadocia, a portion of the kingdom of Deiotarus, but that he gave the latter a part of what he took away from Phamaces, and so in fact enlarged his territory ; but this seems inconsistent with the whole tenour of what we find in Cicero. In the autumn of the same year, the cause of Deiotarus was unsuccessfully pleaded by Brutus before Caesar at Nicaca in Bithynia. ((Jic. Brut. 5, ad Ati. xiv. 1.) In b. c. 45, he was defended by Cicero before Caesar, in the house of the latter at Rome, in the speech {pro Rege Deiotaro) still extant. From this it appears that his grandson. Castor, had accused him of a design against Caesar's life when he received him in Galatia, and also of an intention of sending troops to the aid of Caecilius Bassus. [See p. 472.] Strabo, however, speaks of Castor as the son-in-law of Deiotarus, and says that the old king put him to death together with his wife, Deiotarus's OAvn daughter ; and Suidas tells us that he did so because Castor had accused him to Cae- sar. Vossius conjectures that the Castor mention- ed by Cicero was son to the one whom Strabo and Suidas speak of, and that Deiotarus put the latter to death because he had instigated the younger Castor to accuse him. (Strab. xii. p. 568 ; Suid. s. V. Kaarup ; Caes. Bdl. Civ. iii. 4 ; Cic. ad Fam. ix. 12 ; Voss. de Hist. Grace, p. 203, ed. Wester- mann ; comp. the language of Cicero, 2^^o Deiot. 10; 11.) At this time Bk&ainius and Hieras,