Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/957

Rh DAPHNIS. According to Aristotle, the great wealth of Daph- naoiis had made him an object of jealousy with the lower populace. (Diod. xiii. 86, 87, 92,96; Arist. Pol. V. 5.) [E. H. B.] DAPHNE (At{^i/T7), a fair maiden who is mixed up with various traditions about Apollo. According to Pausanias (x. 5. § 3) she was an Oreas and an ancient priestess of the Delphic ora- cle to which she had been appointed by Ge. Diodorus (iv. 66) describes her as the daughter of Teiresias, who is better known by the name of Manto. She was made prisoner in the war of the Epigoni and given as a present to Apollo. A third Daphne is called a daughter of the river- god Ladon in Arcadia by Ge (Pans. viii. 20. § 1 ; Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 6 ; Philostr. Vit. Apollon. i. 16), or of the river-god Peneius in Thessjily (Ov. Met. i. 452 ; Hygin. Fab. 203), or lastly of Amyclas. (Parthen. Erot. 15.) She was extremely beautiful and was loved and pursued by Apollo. When on the point of being overtaken by him, she prayed to her mother, Ge, who opened the earth and received her, and in order to console Apollo she created the ever-green laurel-tree (^a^vT])., of the boughs of which Apollo made himself a wreath. Another story relates that Leucippus, the son of Oenomaiis, king of Pisa, was in love with Daphne and approached her in the disguise of a maiden and thus hunted with her. But Apollo's jealousy caused his discovery during the bath, and he was killed by the nymphs. (Pans. viii. 20. § 2 ; Par- then. /. c.) According to Ovid {Met. i. 452, &c.) Daphne in her flight from Apollo was metamor- phosed herself into a laurel-tree. [L. S.] DAPHNIS (Aa<|>i'(s), a Sicilian hero, to whom the invention of bucolic poetry is ascribed. He is called a son of Hermes by a nymph (Diod. iv. 84), or merely the beloved of Hermes. (Aelian, V. H. X. 18.) Ovid {Met. iv. 275) calls him an Idaean shepherd ; but it does not follow from this, that Ovid connected him with either the Phrygian or the Cretan Ida, since Ida signifies any woody mountain. (Etym. Magn. s. v.) His story runs as follows : The nymph, his mother, exposed him when an infant in a charming valley in a laurel grove, from which he received his name of Daph- nis, and for which he is also called the favourite of Apollo. (Serv. ad Virg. Eclog. x. 26.) He was brought up by nymphs or shepherds, and he him- Belf became a shepherd, avoiding the bustling crowds of men, and tending his flocks on mount Aetna winter and summer. A Naiad (her name is different in different writers, Echenais, Xenea, Nomia, or Lyce, — Parthen. Erot. 29 ; Schol. ad Theocrit. i. 65, vii. 73 ; Serv. ad Virg. Eclog. viii. 68 ; Phylarg. ad Virg. Eclog. . 20) fell in love with him, and made him promise never to form a connexion with any other maiden, adding the threat that he should become blind if he violated his vow. For a time the handsome Daphnis re- sisted all the numerous temptations to which he was exposed, but at last he forgot himself, having been made intoxicated by a princess. The Naiad accordingly punished him with blindness, or, as others relate, changed him into a stone. Previous to this time he had composed bucolic poetry, and with it delighted Artemis during the chase. Ac- cording to others, Stesichorus made the fate of Daphnis the theme of his bucolic poetrj^ which was the earliest of its kind. After having become blind, he invoked bis father to help him. The DAKDANUS. bfi9 god accordingly raised him up to heaven, and caused a well to gush forth on the spot where this happened. The well bore the name of Daphnis, and at it the Sicilians offered an annual sacrifice. (Serv. ad Virg. Eel. r. 20.) Phylargyrius, on the same passage, sfcites, that Daphnis tried to console himself in his blindness by songs and playing on the flute, but that he did not live long after ; and the Scholiast on Theocritus (viii. 93) relates, that Daphnis, while wandering about in his blindness, fell from a steep rock. Somewhat different ac- counts are contained in Servius (ad Virg. Eclog. viii. 68) and in various parts of the Idyls of Theocritus. [L.S.] DAPHNIS, a Greek orator, of whom a frag- ment in a Latin version is preserved in Rutilius Lupus (de Fig. Sent. 15), and whose name Pithoeiis wrongly altered into Daphnidius. No particulars are known about him. (Ruhnken, ad Ridil. Ltip. p. 52, and Hist. Crit. Oral. Graec. p. 93.) [L.S.] DAPHNIS, an architect of Miletus, who, in con- junction with Paeonius, built a temple to Apollo at Miletus, of the Ionic order. (Vitruv. vii. Praef. 16.) He lived later than Chersiphron, since Paeonius was said to have finished the temple of Artemis at Ephesus, which was begun bv Chersi- phron. (Vitruv. I. c.) [P. S.] DAPHNO'PATES, THEODO'RUS (eeo'Sw^os Aa^voTTaTTjs), an ecclesiastical writer, who lived about the middle of the tenth century after Christ. He is called a patrician and sometimes magister, and was invested with the office of primus a secre- tis at the court of Constantinople. He seems to have written a history of Byzantium (Joan. Scy- litzes, Praef.; Cedren. Hist. p. 2), but no distinct traces of it are left. Of his many theological writ- ings two only are printed, viz. 1. An oration upon the transfer of the hand of John the Baptist from Antioch to Constantinople, which took place in A. D. 956. The year after, when the anniversary of this event was celebrated, Theodoras delivered his oration upon it. A Latin translation of it is printed in the Acta Sanctorum under the 29th of August. The Greek original, of which MSS. are extant in several libraries, has not yet been pub- lished. 2. Apanthismata^ that is, extracts from various works of St. Chr}'sostom, in thirty-three chapters. They are printed in the editions of the works of St. Chrysostom, vol. vii. p. 669, ed. Savil- lius, and vol. vi. p. 663, ed. Ducaeus. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. x. p. 385, &c.; Cave, Hist. Lit. ii. p. 316, ed. London, 1698.) [L. S.] DAPHNUS (Adcppos), a physician of Ephesus, who is introduced by Athenaeus in his Deipnoso- phistae (i. p. 1) as a contemporary of Galen in the second century after Christ. [W. A. G.] DAPyX (ActTTuI), the chief of a tribe of the Getae. When Crassus was in Thrace, b. c. 29, Roles, another chief of the Getae, was at war with Dapyx, and called in the assistance of Crassus. Dapyx was defeated, and obliged to take refuge in a stronghold, where he was besieged. A Greek, who was in the place, betraj'ed it to Crassus, and as soon as the Getae perceived the treacherj-, they killed one another, that they might not fall into the hands of the Romans. Dapyx too ended his life on that day. (Dion Cass. li. 26.) [L. S.] DA'RDANUS (AdpSavos), a son of Zeus and Electra, the daughter of Atlas. He was the bro- ther of Jasus, Jasius, Jason, or Jasion, Action and Harmonia, and his native place in the various trjtr