Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/953

Rh DAMO. DA'MTON or DAMON, a physician mentioned nmonjjf the foreign authors used by Pliny in his Natural History, who must therefore have lived in cr before the first century after Christ. (Plin. H. N. XX. 40, xxiv. 120, Index to book vii.) Pie is also quoted by Plinius Valerianus. (De Re Med. iii. -20.) [W.A. G.] DAMIPPUS (AoutTnroj). ]. A Lacedaemo- nian, who lived at the court of Hieronynius of Syracuse. When the young and undecided king, on his accession, was beset on all sides by men who advised him to give up his connexion with the Romans and form an alliance with Carthage against them, Damippus was one of the few in the king's council who .id vised him to uphold the alliince with Rome. A short time afterwards he was sent by the Syracusans to king Philip of Macedonia, but was made prisoner by the Roman fleet under Marcellus. Epicyd^s was anxious to ransom him, and .IS ^Marcellus himself wanted to form connex- ions with the Aetolians, the allies of the Lacedae- monians, he I'estored Damippus to freedom. (Polyb. vii. 5 ; Liv. xxv. 23.) 2. A Pythfigore.in philosopher, to whom some MSS. attribute the fragment Trepi -rrpovoias koX dyaQjis rvxv^, which is preserved in Stobaeus, and is more commonly ascribed to Criton of Aegae. (Gale, Opitsc. Mrjthol. p. 698.) ' [L. S.] DAM IS (Aojuts, Ac{/uiy). 1. A Messenian, who was one of the competitors for the throne of Messenia on the death of Euphaes, when Aristo- demus was elected, about B. c. 729. On the death of Aristodemus (about B. c. 723), Damis was chosen general with supreme power, but with- out the title of king. He failed, however, to re- store the fallen fortunes of his country, and on his death, which took place soon after, Messenia sub- mitted to the Lacedaemonians. (Pans. iv. 10, 13.) 2. An Athenian, son of Icesias, was sent by his countrymen to intercede with the Romans on be- h.ilf of the Aetolians, b. c. 189, and is said to have been very instrumentnl, through his eloquence, in obtaining peace for the latter. (Polyb. xxii. 14.) He is c.illed Leon by Livy (xxxviii, 10; comp. XXXV. 50.) 3. An Epicurean, introduced several times by Lucian as an irreligious and profligate man. Fie appears to be the same who is spoken of {Dial. Mort. 27) as a wealthy Corinthijin, and who is said to have been poisoned by his own son. Harles however supposes, that the D.amis in question m.iy have been a fictitious chsiracter. {Ad Fabric. BihI. Graec. vol. iii. p. 602, and the passages of Lucian there referred to.) 4. An Assyrian, who lived at Nineveh, where he became acquainted with Apollonius Tyanaeus [see p. 242, b.], whom he accompanied in his travels. Of these he wrote an account, in which he included also the discourses and prophecies of his master. This work seems to have been the basis of the life of Apollonius by Philostratus. The style of it shewed traces of the author's coun- try and of his education among barbarians. (Snid. s. V. Adfxis ; Voss. de Hist. Graec. p. 250, ed. Westermann, and the authorities there referred to.) [E. E.l DA^IO (Aojuw), a daughter of Pythagoras and Theano, who is mentioned by lamblichus {Vit. Pythag. c. 28), but chiefly known to us from an epistle of Lysis, a Pythagorean, to one Hippasus or Hipparchus, quoted by Diogenes Laertius (viiL DAMOCRITUS. 935 42). In this we read that Pythagoras entnisted his writings to the care of Damo, and strictly for- bad her to give them to any one. This command she strictly observed, although she was in extreme poverty, and received many requests to sell them ; " for," he adds, " she thought her father's precepts more precious than gold : and this she did although a woman." But the genuineness of this last un- gallant appendage is denied by Menage. {Historia MtUicrtim Pkilosophainim., c. 94.) The above com- mand of Pyth.ngoras was delivered to her in writ- ing, and this document she gave when dying to her daughter Bistalia. [G. E. L. C] DAMO'CHARIS (Aajttoxap«s), a grammarian of Cos, the disciple of Agathias, lived at the end of the fifth and the beginning of the sixth centuries after Christ. He is the author of four epigrams in the Greek Anthology. In an epigram by Paulus Silentiarius (81), he is called ypaixfrnTinvs Upi) Pdais. There is another epigram {a8ea->r. 359) on a certain Djimocharis who repaired the damage which Smyrna had suffered from an earthquake. It is not known whether this is the grammarian, about whose time, however, many earthquakes are known to have happened. (Brunck, Anal. iii. 69; Jacobs, Antk. Gra^c. iv. 39; xiii. 881; F.ibric. Bibl. Graec. iv. 470.). [P. S.] DAMOCLES (Aa/ioKj5), a Syracusan, one of the comp.anions and flatterers of the elder Diony- sius, of whom a well-known anecdote is related by Cicero. Damocles ha^^ng extolled the great felicity of Dionysius on account of his wealth and power, the tyrant invited him to try what his happiness really was, and placed him at a magnificent ban- quet, surrounded by every kind of luxury and en- joyment, in the midst of which Damocles saw a naked sword suspended over his head by a single horse-hair — a sight which quickly dispelled all his visions of happiness. {Cic.Tiisc.v.2l.) The same story is also alluded to by Horace. {Carm. iii. 1. 17.) [E. H. B.] DAMO'CRATES or DEMO'CRATES (Aa^uo- KpdTr}s or A-nfMOKpar-qs)^ SERVI'LIUS, a Greek physician at Rome about the beginning or middle of the first century after Christ, who m.ay perhaps have received the praenomen " ServHius " from his having become a client of the Servilia gens. Galen calls him dpurros laTp6s {De Ther. ad Pis. c. 12. vol. xiv. p. 260), and Pliny says {H. N. xxv. 49), he was "e primis medentium," and relates {H. N. xxiv. 28) his cure of Considia, the daughter of AL Servilius. He wrote several pharm.iceutical works in Greek iambin verse, of which there only remain the titles and some extracts preserved by Galen. {De Compos. Medicam. sec. Locos, v. 5, vii. 2, viii. 10, x. 2, vol. xii. p. 890, vol. xiii. pp. 40, 220, 350 ; De Compos. Medicam. sec. Gen. i. 19, V. 10, vi. 12, 17, vii. 8, 10, 16, vol. xiii. pp. 455, 821, 915, 940, 988, 9m, 1047; De Antid. i. 15, ii. 2, &c. 15, vol. xiv. pp. 90, 115, &c. 191.) These have been collected together and published by C. F. Harles, Bonn, 1833, 4to. Gr. and Lat, Avith notes and prolegomen.i. It is believed that only the first part (consisting of thirty-five pages) has yet appeared, of which there is a review by Hermann in the Leipz. Lit. ZeU. 1834, N. 33. {Q. G. Kiihn, Additam. ad Blench. Medicor. Vet. a J. A. Fabricio in '■'■ Bibl. Gr.''"' exhibit, fascic. v. ; Choulant, Handb. der Buchcrkunde fur die Aeltere Medicin.) [W. A. G.] DAMO'CRITUS {AanSKpiros). 1. Of Calydon