Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/908

Rh 890 CRETHEUS. brated statue, has also had his name changed into Ctesilaus, and consequently the beautiful statues of a wounded Amazon in the Capitol and the Louvre are considered as an imitation of the work at Ephesus. Now this is quite as unfounded a supposition as the one already rejected by Winckelmann, by which the dying gladiator of the Capitol was considered to represent another celebrated statue of Ctesilaus, who wrought " vuhieratum deficientem, in quo possit intelligi, quantum restet animae ;" and it is the more improbable, because Pliny enumerates the sculptors in an alphabetic order, and begins the letter D by Desilaus. But there are no good rea- sons for the insertion of the name of Ctesilaus. At some of the late excavations at Athens, there was discovered in the wall of a cistern, before the western frontside of the Parthenon, the following inscription, which is doubtless the identical base- ment of the expiring warrior : — HEPM0ATK05 AIEITP£*OT2 AnAPXEN. KPE2IAA2 EnOE2EN. By this we learn, that the rival of Phidias was called Cresilas, as two manuscripts of Pliny exhi- bit, and that the statue pmised by Pliny is the same as that which Pausanias (i. 23. § 2) describes at great length. It was an excellent work of bronze, placed in the eastern portico within the Propylaea, and dedicated by Hermolycus to the memory of his father, Diitrephes, who fell pierced with arrows, B. c. 413, at the head of a body of Thracians, near Mycalessos in Boeotia. (Time, vii. 29, 30.) Besides these two celebrated works, Cresilas executed a statue of Pericles the Olym- pian, from which, perhaps, the bust in the Va- tican is a copy. (Ross, Kunsiblatt, 1840, No. 12 and 38.) [L. U.] CRE'SIUS (Kp|(rtos), a surname of Dionysus at Argos, where he had a temple in which Ariadne was said to be buried. (Paus. ii. 23. § 7.) [L. S.] CRESPHONTES {Kfyn(r<p6im}s), a Heracleid, a son of Aristomachus, and one of the conquerors of Peloponnesus, who obtained Messenia for his share. But during an insurrection of the Messe- nian nobles, he and two of his sons were slain. A third son, Aepytus, was induced by his mother, Merope, to avenge his father. (ApoUod. ii. 8. $ 4, &c. ; Paus. ii. 18. $ 6, iv. 3. § 3, 31. $ 9, viii. 5. j 4; comp. Aepytus.) [L. S.J CRETE (Kp7}Ti7), a daughter of Asterion, and wife of Minos. According to others, she was the mother of Pasiphae by Helios. ( Apollod. iii. 1. § 2; Diod. iv. 60.) There are two other mythical personages of this name. (Apollod. iii. 3. § 1 ; Diod. iii. 71.) [L. S.] CRETEUS or CATREUS (KprjTciJs), a son of Minos by Pasiphae or Crete, and king of Crete. He is renowned in ancient story on account of his tragic death by the hand of his own son, Althe- menes. (Apollod. ii 1. § 2, iii. 1. § 2; Diod. iv. 39 ; Paus. viii. 53. § 2 ; Althemenes.) [L. S.] CRETHEUS (Kp-ndivs), a son of Aeolus and Enarete, was married to Tyro, the daughter of Salmoneus, by whom he became the father of Aeson, Pheres, Araythaon, and Uippolyte. He is called the founder of the town of lolcus. (Horn. Od. xi. 236, 258 ; Apollod. i. 9. § 11 ; comp. Paus. viii. 25. § 5.) According to another tradition, Cretheus was married to Deniodice or Biadice, CRINAS. who loved Phrixus, and as her love was rejected by the latter, she calumniously accused him to Cretheus of having been guilty of improper con- duct. (Hj^gin. Poet. Ast. ii. 20; Phrixus.) [L.S.] CRETHON {Kpidup), a son of Diodes and bro- ther of Orsilochus of Phere, was slain by Aeneias in the Trojan war. (Hom. //, v. 542 ; Paus. iv. 30. § 2.) [L. S.] CRE'TICUS, an agnomen of Q. Caecilius Me- tellus, consul, B. c. 69, and of sevei-al of the Me- telli. [Metellus.] CRE'TICUS SILA'NUS. [Silanus.] CREU'SA (Kpe'ouo-o). 1. A daughter of Ocea- nus and Ge. She was a Naid, and became by Peneius the mother of Hypseus, king of the Lapi- thae, and of Stilbe. (Pind. Pyth. ix. 30; Diod. iv. 2. A daughter of Erechtheus and Praxithea, was married to Xuthus, by whom she became the mother of Achaeus and Ion. (Apollod. i. 7. $ 3, iii. 15. § 1 ; Paus. vii. 1. § 1.) She is also said to have been beloved by Apollo (Paus. i. 28. § 4), and Ion is called her sou by Apollo, as in the "Ion" of Euripides. 3. A daughter of Priam and Hecabe, and the wife of Aeneias, who became by her the father of Ascanius and lulus. (Apollod. iii. 12. § 5.) Co- non {Narrat. 41) calls her the mother of Anius by Apollo. When Aeneias fled from Troy, she followed him ; but she was unable to discover his traces, and disappeared. Aeneias then returned to seek her. She then appeared to him as a shade, consoled him, revealed to him his future fate, and informed him that she was kept back by the great mother of the gods, and was obliged to let him de- part alone. (Virg. Aen. ii. 725, 738, 752, 769, 775, &c.) In the Lesche of Delphi she was repre- sented by Polygnotus among the captive Trojan women. (Paus. x. 26. § 1.) A fourth personage of this name is mentioned by Hyginus. {Pal). 25 ; comp. Crkon, No. I.) [L. S.] CRINA'GORAS {Kpiva'Y6pas a Greek epi- grammatic poet, the author of about fifty epigrams in the Greek Anthology, was a native of Mytilene, among the eminent men of which city he is men- tioned by Strabo, who speaks of him as a contem- porary, (xiii. p. 617, suh fin.) There are several allusions in his epigrams, which refer to the reign of Augustus, and on the authority of which Jacobs believes him to have flourished from B. c. 31 to A. D. 9. We may also collect from his epigrams that he lived at Rome {Ep. 24), and that he was richer in poems than in worldly goods. {Ep. 33.) He mentions a younger brother of his, Eucleides. {Ep. 12.) From the contents of two of his epi- grams Reiske inferred, that they must have been written by a more ancient poet of the same name, but this opinion is refuted by Jacobs. Crinagoras often shews a true poetical spirit. He was in- cluded in the Anthology of Philip of Thessalonica. (Jacobs, Anth. Graec. pp. 876 — 878 j Fabric. BM. Graec. iv. p. 470.) [P. S.] CRINAS, a physician of Marseilles who prac- tised at Rome in the reign of Nero, a. d. 54 — 68, and introduced astrology into his medical practice. He acquired a large fortune, and is said by Pliny {H. N. xxix. 5) to have left at his death to his native city the immense sum of ten million ses- terces {centies H. S.) or about 78,125/., after hav- ing spent nearly the same sum during his lite in building the walls uf tUy city. [W. A. G.^