Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/900

Rh RR2 CRASSUS Tt has been conjectxired that his praenomen was Publius, and that he was identical with No. 18. 28. P. LiciNius Crassus, was praetor in B. c. 57, and favoured Cicero's return from exile. (Cic. post HedU, in Sen. 9.) Orelli {^Onom. Tull.) thinks that the name affords evidence of the spu- riousness of the speech in which it is found. 29. P. Crassus Junianus, one of the gens Junia. adopted by some LiciNius Crassus. His name appears on coins. (Spanh. ii. pp. 104, 179; Eckhel. v. pp. 153, 154, 233.) He was tribune rf the plebs in B. c. 51, and a friend of Cicero. (Cic. ad Qu Fr. iii. 8. ^ 3.) In the civil war he fought for Pompey, and served with the title legatus propraetore under Metellus Scipio in Africa, where, after the battle of Thapsus, he made his escape to the sea. (Plut. Cato A/q;.70,fin.) 30. M. LiciNius Crassus Mucianus. [Mu- CrAN'US.] The annexed coin of the Licinia gens is the one referred to uii p. 879, b., and supposed to have been struck by P. Crassus [No. 20], as it bears the legend P. (indistinct in the cut) Crassus M. F. The obverse represents the head of Venus, and the reverse a man holding a horse, which is supposed to refer to the ceremony of the public inspection of the horses of the equites by the censors. {Diet, of AnL 8. V. Equites.) [J. T. G.] " CRASSUS, OCTACrUUS. 1. M Octaci- Lius Crassus, was consul in B. c. 263 with M'. Valerius Maximus and crossed with a numerous army over to Sicily. After having induced many of the Sicilian towns to surrender, the consuls ad- vanced against Hicro of Syracuse. The king, in compliance with the desire of his people, concluded a peace, which the Romans gladly accepted, and in which he gave up to them the towns they had taken, delivered up the Roman prisoners, and paid a contribution of 200 talents. He thus became the ally of Rome. In b. c. 246 Crassus was consul a second time with M. Fabius Licinus, and carried on the war against the CJarthaginians, though no- thing of any consequence seems to have been ac- complished. (Polyb. i. 16 &c. ; Zonar. viii. 9; Eutrop. ii. 10 ; Oros. iv. 7 ; Gellius, x. 6.) 2. T. OcTACiLius Crassus, apparently a bro- ther of the fonner, was consul in B. c. 261, with L. Valerius Flaccus, and continued the operations in Sicily against the Carthaginians after the taking of. Agrigentura ; but nothing is known to have been accomplished during his consulship. (Polyb. i. 20.) [L. S.] CRASSUS, PAPI'RIUS. I. M Papirius Crassus was consul in b. c. 441 with C. Furius Pacilus. (L-.r. iv. 12 ; Diod. xii. 35.) 2. L. PapiRIUS Crassits was consul in B. c. 436 with M. Cornelius Maluginensis. They led armies against Veii and Falerii, but as no enemy appeared in the field, the Romans contented them- selves with plundering and ravaging the open coun- try. (Liv. iv. 21 ; Diod. xii. 41.) Crassus was cetuwr in B. c. 424. CRATERTT.S. 3. C. Papirius Crassus was consul in b. r. 430 with L. Julius Julus. These consuls disco- vered, by treacherous means, that the tribunes of the people intended to bring forward a bill on the aesiimatio multarum, and in order to anticipate the favour which the tribunes thereby were likely to gain with the people, the consuls themselves pro- posed and carried the law. (Liv. iv. 30 ; Cic. de Re PuU. ii. 35 ; Diod. xii. 72.) 4. C. Papirius Crassus was consular tribune in ac. 384. (Liv.vi, 18.) 5. Sp. Papirius Crassus, consular tribune in B. c. 382. He and L. Papirius Crassus, one of his colleagues, led an army against Velitrae, and fought with success against that town and its allies, the Praenestines. (Liv. vi. 22.) 6. L. Papirius Crassus, consular tribune in B. c. 382, and again in B. c. 376. (Livy, vi. 22 ; Diod. XV. 71.) 7. L. Papirius Crassus, consular tribune in a c. 368. (Liv. vi. 38 ; Diod. xv. 78.) 8. L. Papirius Crassus was made dictator in a c. 340 while holding the office of praetor, in order to conduct the war against the revolted Latins, since the consul Manlius was ill at the time. Crassus marched against Antium, but was encamped in its neighbourhood for some months without accomplishing anything. In B. c. 336 he was made consul with K. Duilius, and carried on a war against the Ausonians of Cales. In 330 he was consul a second time, and carried on a war against the inhabitants of Privemum. They were commanded by Vitruvius Flaccus who was con- quered by the Romans without much difficulty. In 325 Crassus was magister equitum to the dicta- tor L. Papirius Cursor, and in 318 he was in- vested with the censorship. (Liv. viii. 12, 16, 29 ; Diod. xvii. 29, 82 ; Cic, ad Fam. ix. 21.) 9. M. Papirius Crassus, apparently a brother of the preceding, was appointed dictator in B. c. 332 to conduct the war against the Gauls, who were then believed to be invading the Roman do- minion ; but the report proved to be unfounded. (Liv. viii. 17.) 10. L. Papirius Crassus was magister equi- tum to the dictator T. Manlius Torquatus, in b. c. 320. (Fast. Cap.) [L. S.] CRA'STINUS, one of Caesar's veterans, who had been the primipilus in the tenth legion in the year before the battle of Pharsalus, and who served as a volunteer in the campaign against Pompey. It was he who commenced the battle of Pharsalus, B. c. 48, saying that, whether he survived or fell, Caesar should be indebted to him : he died fight- ing bravely in the foremost line. (Caes. B. C. iii. 91, 92; Flor. iv. 2. § 46; Lucan, vii. 471, &c. ; Appian, B. C. ii. 82 ; Plut. Pomp. 7 1, Caes. 44.) CRATAEIS (Kparaits), according to several traditions, the mother of Scylla. (Horn. Od. xiu 124 ; Ov. Met. xiiL 749 ; Hesych. *. v. ; Plin. H. N. iii. 10.) fL. S.] CRA'TERUS (Kpartpo's), one of the most dis- tinguished generals of Alexander the Great, was a son of Alexander of Orestis, a district in Mace- donia, and a brother of Amphotenis. When Alexander the Great set out on his Asiatic ex- pedition, Craterus commanded the irt^eTotpoi. Subsequently we find him commanding a detach- ment of cavalry, as in the battle of Arbela and in the Indian campaign ; but it seems that he had no pemuinent office, and that Alexander employed