Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/89

Rh by storm; but in the midst of his successes he was seized with a fever, which carried him off in seven days. He died at Aphytis, in the peninsula of Pallene. His body was immersed in honey and conveyed home to Sparta for burial. Though Agesipolis did not share the ambitious views of foreign conquest cherished by Agesilaus, his loss was deeply regretted by that prince, who seems to have had a sincere regard for him. (Xen. Hell. 5.3. 8-9, 18-19; Diod. 15.22; Thirlwall, Hist. of Greece, vol. iv. pp. 405, 428, &c, v. pp. 5, &c. 20.)

AGESrPOLIS II., son of Cleombrotus, was the 23rd king of the Agid line. He ascended the throne B. C. 37], and reigned one year (Paus. 3.6.1; Diod. 15.60.)

AGESI'POLIS III., the 31st of the Agid line, was the son of Agesipolis, and grandson of Cleombrotus II. After the death of Cleomenes he was elected king while still a minor, and placed under the guardianship of his uncle Cleomenes. (Plb. 4.35.) He was however soon deposed by his colleague Lycurgus, after the death of Cleomenes. We hear of him next in B. C. 195, when he was at the head of the Lacedaemonian exiles, who joined Flamininus in his attack upon Nabis, the tyrant of Lacedaemon. (Liv. 34.26.) He formed one of an embassy sent about B. C. 183 to Rome by the Lacedaemonian exiles, and, with his companions, was intercepted by pirates and killed. (Plb. 24.11.)

AGESI'STRATE. [AGIS IV.]

AGE'TAS (Ἀγήτας), commander-in-chief of the Aetolians in B. C. 217, made an incursion into Acarnania and Epirus, and ravaged both countries. (Plb. 5.91. 96.)

AGE TOR (Ἀγήτωρ), a surname given to several gods, for instance, to Zeus at Lacedaemon (Stob. Serm. 42): the name seems to describe Zeus as the leader and ruler of men; but others think, that it is synonymous with Agamemnon [AGAMEMNON, 2]:--to Apollo (Eur. Med. 426) where however Elmsley and others prefer ἁλήτωρ :--to Hermes, who conducts the souls of men to the lower world. Under this name Hermes had a statue at Megalopolis. (Paus. 8.3]. § 4.)

AGGE′NUS U′RBICUS, a writer on the science of the Agrimensores. (Dict. of Ant. p. 30.) It is uncertain when he lived; but he appears to have been a Christian, and it is not improbable from some expressions which he uses, that he lived at the latter part of the fourth century of our era. The extant works ascribed to him are :— "Aggeni Urbici in Julium Frontinum Commentarius," a commentary upon the work "De Agrorum Qualitate," which is ascribed to Frontinus; "In Julium Frontinum Commentariorum Liber secundus qui Diazographus dicitur;" and "Commentariorum de Controversiis Agrorum Pars prior et altera."

The last-named work Niebuhr supposes to have been written by Frontinus, and in the time of Domitian, since the author speaks of " praestantissimus Domitianus," an expression, which would never have been applied to this tyrant after his death. (Hist. of Rome, vol. ii. p. 621.)

AGGRAMMES, called XANDRAMES (Ξανδράμης) by Diodorus, the ruler of the Gangaridae and Prasii in India, was said to be the son of a barber, whom the queen had married. Alexander was preparing to march against him, when he was compelled by his soldiers, who had become tired of the war, to give up further conquests in India. (Curt. 5.2; Diod. 17.93, 94; Arrian, Arr. Anab. 5.25, &c.; Plut. Alex. 60.)

A'GIAS (Ἀγίας), son of Agelochus and grandson of Tisamenus, a Spartan seer who predicted the victory of Lysander at Aegospotami. (Paus. 3.11.5.) [TISAMENUS.]

A'GIAS (Ἀγίας), 1. A Greek poet, whose name was formerly written Augias, through a mistake of the first editor of the Excerpta of Proclus. It has been corrected by Thiersch in the Acta Philol. Monac. ii. p. 584, from the Codex Monacensis, which in one passage has Agias, and in another Hagias. The name itself does not occur in early Greek writers, unless it be supposed that Egias or Hegias (Ἡγίας) in Clemens Alexandrinus (Strom. vi. p. 622), and Pausanias ( 1.2.1), are only different forms of the same name. He was a native of Troezen, and the time at which he wrote appears to have been about the year B. C. 740. His poem was celebrated in antiquity, under the name of Νόστοι, i. e. the history of the return of the Achaean heroes from Troy, and consisted of five books. The poem began with the cause of the misfortunes which befel the Achaeans on their way home and after their arrival, that is, with the outrage committed upon Cassandra and the Palladium; and the whole poem filled up the space which was left between the work of the poet Arctinus and the Odyssey. The ancients themselves appear to have been uncertain about the author of this poem, for they refer to it simply by the name of Νόστοι, and when they mention the author, they only call him ὁ τοὺς Νόστους γράψας. (Athen. 7.281; Paus. 10.28.4, 29.2, 30.2; Apollod. 2.1.5; Schol. ad Odyss. 4.12 ; Schol. ad Aristoph. Equit. 1332; Lucian, De Saltat. 46.) Hence some writers attributed the Νόστοι to Homer ( Suid. s. v. νόστοι; Anthol. Planud. 4.30), while others call its author a Colophonian. (Eustath. ad Odyss. 16.118.) Similar poems, and with the same title, were written by other poets also, such as Eumelus of Corinth (Schol. ad Pind. Ol. 13.3]), Anticleides of Athens (Athen. 4.157, ix. p. 466), Cleidemus (Athen. 13.609), and Lysimachus. (Athen. 4.158; Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. 1.558.) Where the Νόστοι is mentioned without a name, we have generally to understand the work of Agias.

2. A comic writer. (Pollux, 3.36; Meineke, Hist. Comic. Graec. pp. 404, 416.)

A'GIAS (Ἀγίας), the author of a work on Argolis. (Ἀργολικὰ, Athen. 3.86f.) He is called ὁ μουσικὸς in another passage of Athenaeus (xiv. p. 626f.), but the musician may be another person.

AGIATIS. [AGIS IV.]

AGIS I. (Ἄγις), king of Sparta, son of Eurysthenes, began to reign, it is said, about B. C. 1032. (Müller, Dor. vol. ii. p. 511, transl.) According to Eusebius (Chron. i. p. 166) he reigned only one year; according to Apollodorus, as it appears, about 31 years. During the reign of Eurysthenes, the conquered people were admitted to an equality of political rights with the Dorians. Agis deprived them of these, and reduced them to the condition of subjects to the Spartans. The inhabitants of the town of Helos attempted to shake off the yoke, but they were subdued, and gave rise and name to the class called Helots.