Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/823

Rh 1 CLOELIA. CLODIA'NUS, mentioned by Cicero (ad Att. i. ] 9), is the same as Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Clo- di:inns, consul B. c. 72. [Lentulus.] CLO'DIUS, another form of the name Claudius^ just as we find both caudex and codex, claustrum and closlntm, cattda and coda. In the latter times of the republic several of the Claudia gens, adopted exclusively the form Clodius, others were called in- differently, sometimes Claudius and sometimes Clo- diits : their lives are given under Claudius. CLO'DI US. 1. Aphysician, who roust have lived in the first century b. c, as he was a pupil of As- clepiades of Bithynia. One of his works is quoted by Caelius Aurelian«s (Z>e Morb. Chron. iv. 9, p. 545 ; De Morb. Acnt. iii. 8, p. 217) with re- ference to ascarides. 2. L. Clodius, a native of Ancona, who was em- ployed bj Oppianicus to poison Dinea in the first century a. c, and who is called by Cicero ( pro Cluent. c. 14) " pharmacopola circumforaneus," may perhaps be the same person as the preceding, though it is scarcely probable. [W. A, G.] CLO'DIUS ALBI'NUS. [Albinus.] CLO'DIUS BITHY'NICUS. [Bithynicus, and Claudius No. 6, p. 775, b.] CLO'DIUS LICI'NUS [Licinus.} CLO'DIUS MACER. [Macer.] CLO'DIUS QUIRINA'LIS. [Quirinalis.] CLO'DIUS SABl'NUS. [Sabinus.] CLO'DIUS TURRI'NUS. [Turrinus.] CLOE'LIA, a Roman virgin, who was one of the liostages given to Porsena with other maidens and boys, is said to have escaped from the Etruscan camp, and to have swum across the Tiber to Rome. She was sent back by the Romans to Porsena, who was so struck with her gallant deed, that he not only set her at liberty, but allowed her to take with her a part of the hostages : she chose those ■who were under age, as they were most exposed to ill-treatment. Porsena also rewarded her with a horse adorned with splendid trappings, and the Roman people with the statue of a female on horse- back, which was erected in the Sacred Way. An- other tradition, of far less celebrity, related, that all the hostages were massacred by Tarquinius Avith the exception of Valeria, who swum over the Tiber and escaped to Rome, and that the equestrian statue was erected to her, and not to Cloelia. (Liv. ii. 13; Dionys. v. 33; Plut. Pcyplic. 19, lUttstr. Fern. s. w. Valeria et Cloelia ; Flor. i. 1 ; Val. Max. iii. 2. § 2 ; Aurel. Vict, de Vir. III. 13 ; Dion Cass, in Bekker's Anecd. i. p. 133. 8 ; Plin. H.N. xxxiv. 6. 8. 13; Virg. Aen. viii. 651 ; Juv. viii. 265.) CLOE'LIA or CLUI'LIA GENS, patrician, of Alban origin, was one of the gentes minores, and was said to have derived its name from Clolius, a companion of Aeneas. (Festus, s. r. Cloelia.) The name of the last king of Alba is said to have been C. Cluilius or Cloelius? He led an army against Rome in the time of TuUus Hostilius, pitched his camp five miles from the city, and sur- rounded his encampment with a ditch, which con- tinued to be called after him, in subsequent ages. Fossa Cluilia, Fossae Cluiliae, or Fossae Cloeliae. While here, he died, and the Albans chose Mettus Fuffetius as dictator, in consequence of whose treachery the Romans destroyed Alba. Niebuhr, however, remarks, that though the Fossa Cluilia ■was undoubtedly the work of an Alban prince called Cluilius, yet that the story of the Alban CLONAS. 805 army encamping there was probably invented for the sake of accounting for this name. (Liv. i. 22, 23 ; Dionys. iii. 2-4 ; Festus, s. v, Cloeliae Fossae; comp. Liv. ii. 39 ; Dionys. viii. 22 ; Niebuhr, voL i. pp. 204, 348, n. 870.) Upon the destruction of Alba, the Cloelii were one of the noble Alban houses enrolled in the Ro- man senate. (Liv. i. 30 ; Dionys. iii. 29.) They bore the surname SicuLUS, probably because the Albans were regarded as a mixture of Siculiani with Priscans. TuUus was perhaps another cog- nomen of this gens. See Cloklius Tullus. The following coin of this gens contains on the obverse the head of Pallas, and on the reverse Victory in a biga, with the inscription T. Clovli, Cloulius being an ancient form of the name. CLOE'LIUS, an Aequian, the commander of a Volscian force, came to besiege Ardea, b. c. 443, invited by the plebs of that town, who had been driven out of it by the optimates. While he was before the place, the Romans, under the consul M. Geganius, came to the assistance of the opti- mates, drew lines around the Volscians, and did not allow them to march out till they had surren- dered their general, Cloelius, who adorned the triumph of the consul at Rome. (Liv. iv. 9, 10.) Comp. Coelkis Gracchus. CLOE'LIUS GRACCHUS, the leader of the Aequians in B. c. 458, surrounded the consul L. Minucius Augurinus, who had through fear shut himself up in his camp on Mount Algidus ; but Coelius was in his turn surrounded by the dictator L. Quinctius Capitolhius, who had come to relieve Minucius, and was delivered up by his own troops to the dictator. (Liv. iii. 25—28 ; Dionys. x. 22 — 24.) The legendary nature of this story as told by Livy has been pointed, out by Niebuhr (vol. ii. p. 268), who remarks, that the Aequian general, Coelius is again surrounded and taken prisoner twenty years after at Ardea — a circumstance quite impossible, as no one who had been led in triumph in those days ever escaped execution. CLOE'LIUS TULLUS, a Roman ambassador, who was killed with his three colleagues by the Fidenates, in B. c. 438, upon the instigation of Lar Tolumnius, king of the Veientes. Statues of all four were placed on the Rostra. Cicero calls him Tullus Cluilius. (Liv. iv. 17; Cic. Phil. ix. 2; Plin. //.iV. xxxiv. 6. s. 11.) CLONAS (KAoj/os), a poet, and one of the earliest musicians of Greece, was claimed by the Arcadians as a native of Tegea, but by the Boeo- tians as a native of Thebes. His age is not quite certain ; but he probably lived a little later than Terpander, or he was his younger contemporary (about 620 b. c). He excelled in the music of the flute, which he is thought by some to have intro- duced into Greece from Asia. As might be ex- pected from the connexion between elegiac poetry and the flute music, he is reckoned among the elegiac poets. Among the pieces of music which he composed was one called Elegos. To him are ascribed the invention of the Apothetos and