Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/808

Rh 790 CLEOCRITU& him as a tyrant. These statements may, however, be reconciled, by supposing him to have held, as cuav/xvT^TTis, an authority delegated by the people through election. (Arist. Polii. iii. 14, 15, ad Jin. iv. 10, ed. Bekk.) Much of the philosophy of Cleobulus is said to have been derived from Egypt. He wrote also lyric poems, as well as riddles (yp'(povs) in verse. Diogenes Laertius also ascribes to him the inscription on the tomb of Midas, of which Homer was considered by others to have been the author (comp. Plat. Phaedr. p. 264), and the riddle on the year (efs 6 nar^p, iraTSes Se SvoiSfKa, K. T. A.), generally attributed to his daughter Cleobuline. He is said to have lived to the age of sixty, and to have been greatly distin- guished for strength and beauty of peraon. Many of his sayings are on record, and one of them at least, — Sf7v crwoiKl^eiv rds ^vyargpas, vapdtvovs ukv r-^v T^KiK(av, r^ Se (ppove7v yvvalKas^ — shews him to have had worthier views of female educa- tion than were generally prevalent ; while that he acted on them is clear from the character of hia daughter. (Diog. Laert i. 89 — 93 ; Suid. s. v. KKeSgovKoi ; Clem. Aex. Strom, i. 14 ; Fabric. BiU. Graec. ii. pp. 117, 121, 654; comp. Did. of Ant. s. V. XtXMvta.) [E. E.] CLEOBU'LUS {Ke6Sovos), ephor with Xenares at Sparta b. c. 422-1, the second year of the peace of Nicias. To this peace they were hostile, and signalized their ephoralty by an in- trigue with the Boeotians and Corinthians, with the purpose of forming anew the Lacedaemo- nian league so as to include the Argives, the fear of whose hostility was the main obstacle in the way of the war-party at Sparta. (Thisc. v. 36 — 38.) [A.H.C.] CLEO'CHARES (KAeoxofwjs), a Greek orator of Myrleia in Bithynia, contemporary with the orator Demochares and the philosopher Arcesilaa, towards the close of the third century B. c. The chief passage relating to him is in Rutilius Lupus, de Fiyur. Sentent. p. 1,3, where a list of his ora- tions is given. He also wrote on rhetoric : a work in which he compared the styles of Isocrates and Demosthenes, and said that the former resembled an athlete, the latter a soldier, is quoted by Pho- tius. (Cod. 176, p. 121, b. 9, ed. Bekker.) The remark there quoted is, however, ascribed to Philip of ALicedon by Photius himself (Cod. 265, p. 493, b. 20, ed. Bekker), and by the Pseudo-Plutarch {de Vit. X Or. viii. 25, p. 845, c). The obvious explanation is, that Cleochares inserted the obser- vation in his work as having been made by Philip. None of his orations are extant. (Strab. xii. p. 566; Diog. Laert. iv. 41; Ruhnken, ad RutU. Lup. i. p. 5, &c., and Hist. Grit. Or. Gr. 63, pp. 185, 186 ; Westermann, Gesdi. der Beredtsamkeit in Grieclu'nkind, § 76.) [P. S.] CLEO'CRITUS {KKi6Kpiros an Athenian, herald of the Mysteries, was one of the exiles who returned to Athens with Thrasybulus. After the battle of Mun^-chia, B. c. 404, being remark- able for a very powerful voice, he addressed his countrymen who had fought on the side of the Thirty, calling on them to abandon the cause of the tyrants and put an end to the horrors of civil war. (Xen. Hell. ii. 4. §§ 20-22.) His person was as burly as his voice was loud, as we may gather from the joke of Aristophanes {Ran. 1433), who makes Euripides propose to fit on the slender Cineaias by way of wings to Cleocritus, and send CLEOMACHUS. them up into the air together to squirt vinegar into the eyes of the Spartans. The other passage also in which Aristophanes mentions him {Av. 876), may perhaps be best explained as an allusion to his stature. (See Schol. ad loc.) [E. E.] CLEODAEUS (KAedSatos), a son of the Heracleid Hyllus, who was as unsuccessful as his father in his attempt to conquer Peloponnesus. In after times he had a heroum at Sparta. (ApoUod. ii. 8. §2; Pans. iii. 15. §7.) [L. S.] CLEODE'MUS MALCHUS ( KA€(J5r;/xos MdAxos), an historian of uncertain date. He wrote a history of the Jews, to which we find reference made by Alexander Polj'^histor in a pas- sage quoted from the latter by Josephus. {Ant. i. 15.) The name of !Malchus is said to be of the same meaning in Syriac as tliat of Cleodemus in Greek. [E. E.] CLEODE'MUS (KAeJSTjAtos), the name of a physician introduced by Plutarch in his Scptem Sapientum Convivium (c. 10, ed. Tauclm.), and said to have used cupping more frequently than any other physician of his age, and to have brought that remedy into great repute by his exauii)]e, in the first century after Christ. [ W. A. G.] CLEOETAS (KAeoiTos), a sculptor and archi- tect, celebrated for the skilful construction of the dcpitris or starting- place in the stadium at Olympia. (Pans. vi. 20. § 7.) He was the author of a bronze statue of a warrior which existed at the acropolis of Athens at the time of Pausanias. (i. 24. ^ 3.) As he was the son and father of an Aristocles (Visconti, Ocuvres diverscs, vol. iii. p 372), Thiersch {Epoclien d. Dild. Kutist. p. 281, &c.) and Sillig {Catal. p. 153) reckon him as one of the Sicyonian artists, among whom Aristocles, the bro- ther of Canachus, is a conspicuous name, and assign him therefore to 01. 61. But this is a manifest error, as may be seen by comparing two passages of Pausanias (vi. 3. § 4, vi. 9. § 1) ; and it is highly probable that Cleoetas was an Athenian. His name occurs (01. 86) in an inscription, from which we learn, that he was one of Phidias' assis- tants, that he accompanied his master to Olympias, and that thus he came to construct the the d<p€(ris. (Muller, de Phidia, i. 13 ; Bockh, Corp. Inscript. Graec. vol. i. pp. 39, 237, 884 ; Schultz, in Jahi's Jahrbucher fur Philologie, 1829, p. 73; Brunn, Artific. liberae Graeciae iempora^ p. 23.) [L, U.] CLEO'MACHUS (KAed^xos). l- It is sup. posed that there was a tragic poet of this name, contemporary with Cratinus ; but there can be little doubt that the passages of Cratinus on which this notion is founded {ap. Allien, xiv. p. 638, f.) refer to the lyric poet Gnesippus, the son of Cleo- machus, and that for TfJ5 KAeo^ax&j and 6 KAeo- jjLaxos we ought to read r^ Keoju.dxov and 6 KAeo- jjLaxov. (Bergk, Reliq. Com. Alt. p. ;i3, &c. ; IVIeineke, Frag. Com. Graec. ii. pp. 27 — 29 ; Gnesippus.) Of Cleomachus, the father of Gne- sippus, nothing is known, unless he be the same as the lyric poet mentioned below. 2. Of Magnesia, a lyric poet, was at first a boxer, but having fallen violently in love, he de- voted himself to the composition of poems of a very licentious character. (Strab. xiv. p. 648 ; Tricha, de iMctrLs, p. 34.) From the resemblance in cha- racter between his poetry and that of Gnesippus, it might be inferred that he is the same person as the father of Gnesippus ; but Strabo mentions hira among the celebrated men of Magnesia in such a