Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/796

Rh 778 CLEANDER. CLAU'DIUS APOLLINA'RIS. [Apolli- na'ris.] CLAU'DIUS A'TTICUS HERO'DES. [At- Ticus Herodes,] CLAU'DIUS CA'PITO. [Capito.] CLAU'DIUS CIVI'LIS. [Civilis.] CLAU'DIUS CLAUDIA'NUS. [Claudia- NU8.] CLAU'DIUS DI'DYMUS. [Didymus.] CLAU'DIUS DRUSUS. [Drusus.] CLAU'DIUS EUSTHE'NIUS. [Eusthb- NIUS.] CLAU'DIUS FELIX. [Felix.] CLAU'DIUS JU'LIUS or JOLAUS, a Greek writer of unknown date, and probably a freedman of some Roman, was the author of a work on Phoenicia {^oivikiko.) in three books at least. (Steph. Byz. s. w. "Akt;, 'louSa/o, Awpos ; Etym. laus, who wrote a work on the Peloponnesus (rieAoiroi^TjcrtoKa, Schol. ad Nicand. Ther.b2) he spoke in one of his works of the city Lampe in Crete. (Steph. Byz. s. r. Ad/nrq.) CLAU'DIUS LABEO. [Labeo.] CLAU'DIUS MAMERTI'NUS. [Mambr- TINUS.] CLAU'DIUS MAXIMUS. [Maximus.] CLAU'DIUS POMPEIA'NUS. [Pompki- ANUS.] CLAU'DIUS QUADRIGA'RIUS. [Quad- RI6ARIUS.] CLAU'DIUS SACERDOS. [Sacbrdos.] CLAU'DIUS SATURNI'NUS. [Saturni- NU8,] CLAU'DIUS SEVE'RUS. [Severus.] CLAU'DIUS TA'CITUS. [Tacitus.] CLAU'DIUS TRYPHO'NIUS. [Trypho- NIU8.J CLAUDUS, C. QUINCTIUS, patrician, con- uul with L. Genucius Clepsina in B.c 271. (Fasti.) CLAUSUS, a Sabine leader, who is said to have assisted Aeneas, and who was regarded as the an- cestor of the Claudia gens. (Virg. Am. vii. 706, &c.) App. Claudius, before he migrated to Rome, was called in his own country Attus, or Atta Clausus. (Claudius, No. 1.) CLEAE'NETUS (KKfalveros). 1. Father of Cleon, the Athenian demagogue. (Thuc. iii. 36, iv. 21.) It is doubtful whether he is the same person as the Cleaenetus who is mentioned by Aristophanes {Eq. 572), and of whom the Scho- liast on the passage speaks as the author of a de- cree for withholding the (r^TT/tns 4^ Tlpuraveiai from the generals of the state. 2. A tragic poet, of whom we find nothing recorded except the interesting fact of his being so fond of lupines, that he would eat them, husks and all. (Com. incert. ap. Allien, ii. p. 55, c. ; comp. Casaub. ad foe.) [E. E.] CLEANDER (KXt'ovSpos). 1. Tyrant of Gela, which had been previously subject to an oligarchy. He reigned for seven years, and was murdered B. c. 498, by a man of Gela named Sabyllus. He was succeeded by his brother Hippocrates, one of whose sons was also called Cleander. The latter, together with his brother Eucleides, was deposed by Gelon when he seized the government for liim- self in B. c. 491. (Herod, vii. 154, 155; Aristot. Polit. v. 12, ed. Bekk.; Paus. vi. 9.) 2. An Aeginetiin, son of Telesarchus, whose victory in the pancratium at the Isthmian games CLEANDER. is celebrated by Pindar. {Isthm. viii.) The ode must have been composed very soon after the end of the Persian war (b. c. 479), and from it we learn that Cleander had also been victorious at the 'AKa6o7a at Alegara and the 'AffKXriinua at Epi- daurus. (See Diet, of Ant. on the words.) 3. A Lacedaemonian, was harmost at Byzantium in B. c. 400, and promised Cheirisophus to meet the Cyrean Greeks at Calpe with ships to convey them to Europe. On their reaching that place, however, they found that Cleander had neither come nor sent ; and when he at length arrived, he brought only two triremes, and no transports. Soon after his arrival, a tumult occurred, in which the traitor Dexippns was rather roughly liandled, and Cleander, instigated by him, threatened to sail away, to denounce the anny as enemies, and to issue orders that no Greek city should receive them. [Dexippus.] They succeeded, however, in pacifying him b}' extreme submission, and he en- tered into a connexion of hospitality with Xeno- phon, and accepted the offer of leading the army home. But he wished probably to avoid the pos- sibility of any hostile collision with Pharnabazus, and, the sacrifices being declared to be unfavoura- ble for the projected march, he sailed back to By- zantium, promising to give the Cyreans the best reception in his power on their arrival there. This promise he seems to have kept as effectually as the opposition of the admiral Anaxibius would permit. He was succeeded in his government by Aristar- chus. (Xen. Anah. vi. 2. § 13, 4. §§ 12, 18, vi. 6. §§ 5—38, vii. 1. §§ 8, 38, &c., 2. § 5, &c.) 4. One of Alexander's officers, son of Polemo- crates. Towards the winter of b. c. 334, Alexan- der, being then in Caria, sent him to the Pelopon- nesus to collect mercenaries, and with these he returned and joined the king while he was en- gaged in the siege of Tyre, B. c. 331. (Arr. Anah. i. 24, ii. 20; Curt. iii. 1. § 1, iv. 3. § 11.) In B. c. 330 he was employed by Polydamas, Alex- ander's emissary, to kill Parmenion, under whom he had been left as second in command at Ecba- tana. (Arr. Anab. iii. 26; Curt. vii. 2. §§ 19, 27- 32; Plut. Alejc. 49; Diod. xvii. 80; Just. xii. 5.) On Alexander's arrival in Carmania, B. c. 325, Cleander joined him there, together with some other generals from Media and their forces. But he was accused with the rest of extreme profligacy and oppression, not unmixed with sacrilege, in his command, and was put to death by order of Alex- ander. (Arr. Anah. vi. 27; Diod. xvii. 106; Plut. Alex. 68; Curt. x. 1. §§ 1—8; Just. xii. 10.) 5. A collector of proverbs, is quoted by the Scholiast on Theocritus. {Idyll, v. 21, ePTi fikv ovhkv Up6v.) [E. E.] CLEANDER, a Phrygian slave, brought to Rome as a porter. He chanced to attract the attention and gain the favour of Commodus, who elevated him to the rank of chamberlain, and made him his chief minister after the death of Perennis. [Perennls.] Being now all-powerful, he openly offered for sale all offices, civil and militarj', and the regular number of magistrates was multiplied to answer the demand, so that on one occasion twenty-five consuls were nominated in a single year (it is believed to have been a. d. 185, or, ac- cording to Tillemont, 189), one of whom was Septimius Severus, afterwards emperor. The vast sums thus accumulated were however freely spent, partly in supplying the demands of the emperor,
 * . V. TaSeipo.) This appears to be the same Jo-