Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/788

Rh 70 CLAUDIUS. took up arms against Satuminus, (Cic. pro Rah. 7.) In 9Q he was curule aedile, and in the games cele- brated by him elephants were for the first time exhibited in the circus, and painting employed in the scenic decorations. (Plin. H.N. viii. 7, xxxv. 7; Val. Max. ii. 4. § 6.) In 85 he was praetor in Sicily, and, by direction of the senate, gave laws to the Halesini respecting the appointment of their senate. (Cic. Verr. ii. 49.) The Mamertini made him their patronus. ( Verr. iv. 3.) He was consul in 92. {Fasti Cap.) Cicero {Brut. 45) speaks of him as a man possessed of great power and some ability as an orator. 33. App. Clauuius Pulcher, the brother, possibly of No. 32, was military tribune in b. c. »7. He was appointed to guard the Janiculum when the city was threatened by Marius and Cinna, but opened a gate to Marius, to whom he was under obligations. (Appian, B. C. i. 68.) It appears, however, that he managed to keep his credit with his own party ; for it is probably this Claudius who was interrex in 77, and with Q. Lutatius Catulus had to defend Rome against M. Aemilius Lepidus. (Sail. Fragm. lib. 1.) 34. App. Claudius Pulchkr, son of No. 28, was made consul in b. c. 79, though he had been an unsuccessful candidate for the curule acdileship. (Cic. pro Plane. 21 ; Appian, B. C. i. 103.) Ha was afterwards governor of Macedonia, and en- gaged in contests with the neighbouring barba- rians. He died in his province, before 76", when he was succeeded by C. Scribonius Curio. (Liv. EpU. 91; Flor. iii. 4; Oros. v. 23.) 35. App. Claudius Pulcher, apparently the son of No. 29. (Orelli, Inscript. No. 578.) When curule aedile he celebrated the Megalesian games. (Cic. de Uarusp. Resp. 12.) In B. c. 89 he was made praetor (Cic. pro Arch. 5), and afterwards filled the office of propraetor. In B. c. 87 Cinna gained a victory' over his army. (Liv. Epit. 79.) Claudius was impeached by one of the tribunes, and, not appearing, was deposed from his command and banished. Next year, L. Marcius Philippus, his nephew, who was censor, omitted his name in the list of senators. (Cic ;>ro Dom. 31, 32.) He appears in 82 to have marched with Sulla against Rome, and met his death near the city. (Plut. Sulluy 29.) He married Caecilia, and left three sons and three daughters, but no property. (Varro, R. R. iii. 16,) 36. C. Claudius Pulcher, son of No. 29, when curule aedile excluded slaves from the Me- galesian games which he celebrated. (Cic. de Har. Resp. 12.) In B. c. 73 he was praetor (Plut. Crass. 9), and commanded an army against Spar- tacus, by whom he was defeated at mount Vesu- vius. ( Liv. Epit. 95 ; Oros. v. 24. ) 37. Claudia. [Claudia, No. 6.] 38. App. Claudius Pulcher, eldest son of No. 35 ( Varr. R. R. iii. 16), appears in b. c. 75 as the prosecutor of Terentius Varro. (Ascon. ad Cic. Div. in Caecil. p. 109, Orell.) In 70 he served in Asia under his brother-in-law, LucuUus, and was sent to Tigranes to demand the surrender of Mi- thridates. (Plut. Lucidl. 19, 21.) In 61 he was in Greece, collecting statues and paintings to adorn the games which he contemplated giving as aedile. (Cic. pro Dom. 43 ; Schol. Bob. in oral, in Clod, el Cur. p. 338, Orell.) Through the favour and influence of the consul L. Piso, however, he was made praetor without first filling the oflSce of CLAUDIUS. aedile. (Cic/. c.) As praetor (b. c. 57) he pre- sided in trials for extortion, and Cicero expresses anxiety on behalf of his brother Quintus, who had been propraetor in Asia. {Ad Alt iii. 17.) Though Appius did not openly and in person oppose Cice- ro's recall (Cic. ad Fain. iii. 10. § 8; comp. pro Dom. 33), he tacitly sanctioned and abetted the proceedings of his brother Publius. He placed at his disposal the gladiators whom he had hired, and. alone of the praetors did nothing on belialf of Cicero ; and, after the return of the latter, shewed more decidedly which side he took. (Cic. pro Seat. 36, 39 — 41, in Pison. 15, pro Mil. 15, post. Red. in Sen. 9, ad Alt. iv. 1—3; Schol. Bob. p. 307, Orell. ; Dion Cass, xxxix. 6, 7.) Next year he was propraetor in Sardinia, and in April paid a visit to Caesar at Luca. (Plut. Caes. 21 ; Cic. ad Q. F. ii. 6, 15.) In b. c. 54 he was chosen consul with L. Domitius Ahenobarbus. (Caes. B. 6^. V. 1; Dion Cass, xxxix. 60, xl. 1.) Through the intervention of Pompey, a reconciliation was brought about between him and Cicero, though his attentions to the latter appear, in part at least, to have been prompted by avarice. (Cic. ad. Q. F. ii. 12, ad Fam. i. 9, iii. 10.) When Gabinius returned from his province, Appius appeared as his accuser, in hopes that his silence might be bought, though previously he had said he would do all that lay in his power to prevent the threatened prose- cution. (Cic. ad Q. Fr. ii. 12, 13, iii. 2 ; Dion Cass, xxxix. 60.) Similar motives appear to have in- duced him to support C. Pomptinus in his claim for a triumph. (Cic. ad Att. iv. 16, ad Q. F. iii. 4.) A still more glaring instance of his dishonesty and venality was the compact which he and his col- league entered into with Cn. Domitius Calvinus and C. Memmius, two of the candidates for the consulship, by which the two latter bound them- selves in the sum of 4,000,000 sesterces a-piece, in case they should be appointed consuls, to bring forward false witnesses to prove that laws had been passed assigning to Appius and his colleague the command of an army, and settling in other respects the administration of the provinces to which they were to go as proconsuls. The whole atfcur, however, was exposed, and the comitia were not held in that year. (Cic ad Att. iv. 18, 15, 16, ad Q. Fr. iii. I. cap. 5.) Appius, however, asserted his right to command an army, even without a lex curiata. {Ad Fatn. i. 9. § 25, ad Att. iv. 16. § 12.) He reached his province in July, b. c. 53, and go- verned it for two years. His rule appears to have been most tyrannous and rapacious. (Cic. ad Att. vi. 1, 2. j 8, ad Fam. xv. 4, comp. iii. 8. § 5-8.) He made war upon the mountaineers of Amanus, and some successes over them gave him a pretext for claim- ing a triumph. {Cic. ad Fam. iii. 1, 2 ; Eckhel, iv. p. 360.) Cicero wrote to him, while in his province, in terms of the greatest cordiality {ad Fam. iii. 1); but when he was appointed his suc- cessor in 51, Appius did not conceal his displea- sure. He avoided meeting him, and shewed him other marks of disrespect. His displeasure was increased by Cicero's countermanding some of his directions and regulations. {Ad Fam. iii. 2 — 6, 7, 8.) Appius on his return demanded a triumph, but was compelled to withdraw his claim by an impeachment instituted against him by Dolabella. {Ad Fam. iii. 9, viii. 6, iii. 11.) As witnesses were required from his old province, he found him- self again obliged to pay court to Cicero. {Ad Fam.