Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/775

Rh CI OS. Leo Allatius made Cinnamus an object of deep study, and intended to publish his Avork ; so did Petrus Possinus also ; but, for some reasons un- known, they renounced their design. The first edition is that of Cornelius Tollius, with a Latin translation and some notes of no great consequence, Utrecht, 1652, 4to. Tollius dedicated this edi- tion, which he divided into four books, to the states of Utrecht, and in his preface gives a brilliant de- scription of the literary merits of Cinnamus. The second edition is that in the Paris collection of the Byzantines by Du Cange, published at Paris, 1670, fol., together with the description of the church of St. Sophia at Constantinople, by Paulus Silentia- rius, and the editor's notes to Nicephorus Bryen- nius and Anna Comnena. It is divided into six books. Du Cange corrected the text, added a new Latin translation, such of the notes of Tollius as •were of some importance, and an excellent philo- logico-historical commentary of his own ; he dedi- cated his edition to the minister Colbert, one of the principal protectors of the French editors of the Byzantines. This edition has been reprinted in the Venice collection, 1729, fol. Cinnamus has lately been published at Bonn, 1836, 8vo., together with Nicephorus Bryennius, by Augustus Meineke; the work is divided into seven books. The editor gives the Latin translation of Du Cange revised in several instances, and the prefaces, dedications, and commentaries of Tollius and Du Cange. (Han- kius, De Script. Byzant. Graec. p. 5 1 6, &c. ; Fa- bric. Bibl. Graec. vii. p. 733, &c.; the Prefaces and Dedications of Tollius and Du Cange ; Leo Allatius, De Psellis, p. 24, &c.) [W. P.] Cl'NYRAS (Kivvpas), a famous Cyprian hero. According to the common tradition, he was a son of Apollo by Paphos, king of Cyprus, and priest of the Paphian Aphrodite, which latter office re- mained hereditary in his family, the Cinyradae. (Pind. Pyth. ii. 26, &c.; Tac. Hist. ii. 3; Schol. ad Theocrit. i. 109.) Tacitus describes him as hav- ing come to Cyprus from Cilicia, from whence he introduced the worship of Aphrodite; and Apollo- dorus (iii. 14. § 3) too calls him a son of Sandacus, who had emigrated from Syria to Cilicia. Cinyras, after his arrival in Cyprus, founded the town bf Paphos. He was married to Methame, the daugh- ter of the Cyprian king, Pygmalion, by whom he had several children. One of them was Adonis, whom, according to some traditions, he begot un- wittingly in an incestuous intercourse with his own daughter, Smyrna. He afterwards killed himself on discovering this crime, into which he had been led by the anger of Aphrodite. (Hygin. Fab. 58, 242 ; Antonin. Lib. 34 ; Ov. Met. x. 310, &c.) According to other traditions, he had promised to assist Agamemnon and the Greeks in their war against Troy ; but, as he did not keep his word, he was cursed by Agamemnon, and Apollo took vengeance upon him by entering into a contest with him, in which he was defeated and slain. (Horn. //. xi. 20, with the note of Eustath.) His daughters, fifty in number, leaped into the sea, and were metamorphosed into alcyones. He is also described as the founder of the town of Cinyreia in Cyprus. (Plin. H. iV. v. 31 ; Nonn. Dlow/s. xui. Ab .) [L. S.] CI(.)S (Kios), a son of Olympus, from whom Cios(Prus:i) on the Propontis derived its name, as he was believed to have led thither a band of colo- nists from Miletus. (Schol. ad T/ieocrii. xiii. 30 ; CISPIUS. 75; ad Apolhn. It/iod. i. 1177.) Strabo (xii. p. 564) calls him a companion of Heracles who founded Cios on his return from Colchis. [L. S.] CI'PIUS, a person who gave rise to the pro- verb " non omnibus dormio," was called Para- rcnclion (Trapap4yx<^f), because he pretended to be asleep, in order to give facility to his wife's adul- tery. (Festus, *. V. Non omnibus durmio ; Cic. ad Fam. vii. 24.) There are two coins extant with the name M. CiPi. M. f. upon them, but it is not impossible that they may belong to the Cispia gens, as the omission of a letter in a name is by no means of uncommon occurrence on Roman coins. CIPUS or CIPPUS, GENU'CIUS, a Roman praetor, to whom an extraordinary prodigy is said to have happened. For, as he was going out of the gates of the city, clad in the paludamentum, horns suddenly grew out of his head, and it was said by the haruspices that if he returned to the city, he would be king : but lest this should happen, he imposed voluntary exile upon himself. (Val. Max. v. 6. § 3 ; Ov. Aid. xv. 565, &c. ; Plin. //. N. xi. 37. 8. 45.) CIRCE (Kfp/cTj), a mythical sorceress, whom Homer calls a fair-locked goddess, a daughter of Helios by the oceanid Perse, and a sister of Aeetes, {Od. x. 135.) She lived in the island of Aeaea; and when Odysseus on his wanderings came to her island, Circe, after having changed several of his companions into pigs, became so much attached to the unfortunate hero, that he was induced to remain a whole year with her. At length, when he wished to leave her, she prevailed upon him to descend into the lower world to consult the seer Teiresias. After his return from thence, she ex- plained to him the dangers which he would yet have to encounter, and then dismissed him. (Od, lib. X. — xii.; comp. Hygin. Fab. 125.) Her des- cent is differently described by* the poets, for some call her a daughter of Hyperion and Aerope (Orph. Argo7i. 1215), and others a daughter of Aeetes and Hecate. (Schol. ad ApoUon. lihod. iii. 200.) Ac- cording to Hesiod (I'Zseogf. 1011) she became by Odysseus the mother of Agrius. The Latin poets too make great use of the story of Circe, the sor- ceress, who metamorphosed Scylla and Picus, king of the Ausonians. (Ov. Met. xiv. 9, &c.) [L. S.] CIRRHA (Kfp^a), a nymph from whom the town of Cirrha in Phocis was believed to have de- rived its name. (Pans. x. 37. § 4.) [L. S.] CI'SPIA GENS, plebeian, which came origin- ally from Anagnia, a town of the Hemici. An ancient tradition related that Cispius Laevus, of Anagnia, came to Rome to protect the city, while TuUus Hostilius was engaged in the siege of Veii, and that he occupied with his forces one of the two hills of the Esquiline, which was called after him the Cispius mens, in the same way as Oppius of Tusculuni did the other, which was likewise called after him the Oppius mens. (Festus, s. vv% Septimoutioj Cispius tnons ; Varr. L. L. v. 50, ed.