Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/72

54 gion," p. 421, ed. Paris. Six books (namely, from the eighth to the thirteenth, inclusive), were published at Basel, 1533, fol., translated into Latin by Janus Cornarius, with the title " Aetii Antiocheni Medici de cognoscendis et curandis Morbis Sermones Sex jam primum in lucem editi," etc.

In 1535, the remaining ten books were translated and published at Basel, by J. B. Montanus, in two volumes, so that the three volumes form together a complete and uniform edition of the work. In 1534, 4to., a complete Latin translation was published at Venice by the Juntas. In 1542, Cornarius completed and published a translation of the whole work (Basil. fol.); which was reprinted at Basel, 1549, 8vo.; Venice, 1543, 1544, 8vo. ; Lyons, 1549, fol.; and in H. Stephens's " Medicae Artis Principes," Paris. 1567, fol. Two useful works on Aetius deserve to be mentioned ; one by C. Oroscius (Horozco), entitled " Annotationes in Interpretes Aetii," Basil. 1540, 4to.; the other an academical dissertion by C. Weigel, entitled " Aetianarum Exercitationum Specimen," Lips. 1791, 4to. See Freind's Hist. of Physic, from whose work many of the preceding remarks have been taken; Cagnati Variae Observat. 4.18; Haller, Biblioth. Medic. Pract. vol. i. p. 200 ; Sprengel, Hist. de la Médecine ; Choulant, Handbuch der Bücherkunde für die Aeltere Medicin.

AE'TIUS, SICA'MIUS (Σικάμιος ὁ Ἀέτιος), sometimes called Aetius Sicanius or Siculus, the author of a treatise Περὶ Μελαγχολιάς, De Melancholia. His date is uncertain, but, if he be not the same person as Aetius of Amida, he must have lived after him, as his treatise corresponds exactly with part of the latter's great medical work (tetrab. ii. serm. 2.9-11, p. 250, &c.): it is compiled from Galen, Rufus, Posidonius, and Marcellus.

AETNA (Αἴτνη), a Sicilian nymph, and according to Alcimus (apud Schol. Theocrit. 1.65), a daughter of Uranus and Gaea, or of Briareus. Simonides said that she had acted as arbitrator between Hephaestus and Demeter respecting the possession of Sicily. By Zeus or Hephaestus she became the mother of the Palici. (Serv. ad Acn. 9.584.) Mount Aetna in Sicily was believed to have derived its name from her, and under it Zeus buried Typhon, Enceladus, or Briareus. The mountain itself was believed to be the place in which Hephaestus and the Cyclops made the thunderbolts for Zeus. (Eur. Cycl. 296; Propert. 3.15. 21 ; Cic. De Divinat. 2.19.)

AETNAEUS (Αἰτναῖος), an epithet given to several gods and mythical beings connected with Mount Aetna, such as Zeus, of whom there was a statue on mount Aetna, and to whom a festival was celebrated there, called Aetnaea (Schol. ad Pind. Ol. 6.162), Hephaestus, who had his workshop in the mountain, and a temple near it (Ael. NA 11.3; Spanheim, ad Callim. hymn. in Dian. 56), and the Cyclops. (Virg. Acn. 8.440, 11.263, 3.768; Ov. Pont. 2.2. 115.)

AETO'LE（Αἰτωλή), a surname of Artemis, by which she was worshipped at Naupactus. In her temple in that town there was a statue of white marble representing her in the attitude of throwing a javelin. (Paus. 10.38.6.)

AETO'LUS (Αἰτωλός). 1. A son of Endymion and the nymph Neis, or Iphianassa. (Apollod. 1.7.6.) According to Pausanias (v. 1.2), his mother was called Asterodia, Chromia, or Hyperippe. He was married to Pronoe, by whom he had two sons, Pleuron and Calydon. His brothers were Paeon, Epeius, and others. (Steph. Byz. s. v. Νάξος; Conon. Narrat. 14; Schol. ad Pind. Ol. 1.28.) His father compelled him and his two brothers Paeon and Epeius to decide by a contest at Olympia as to which of them was to succeed him in his kingdom of Elis. Epeius gained the victory, and occupied the throne after his father, and on his demise he was succeeded by Aetolus. During the funeral games which were celebrated in honour of Azan, he ran with his chariot over Apis, the son of Jason or Salmoneus, and killed him, whereupon he was expelled by the sons of Apis. (Apollod. l.c.; Paus. 5.1.6; Strab. viii. p.357.) After leaving Peloponnesus, he went to the country of the Curetes, between the Achelous and the Corinthian gulf, where he slew Dorus, Laodocus, and Polypoetes, the sons of Helios and Phthia, and gave to the country the name of Aetolia. (Apollod. Paus. ll. cc.) This story is only a mythical account of the colonisation of Aetolia. (Strab. x. p.463.)

2. A son of Oxylus and Pieria, and brother of Laias. He died at a tender age, and his parents were enjoined by an oracle to bury him neither within nor without the town of Elis. They accordingly buried him under the gate at which the road to Olympia commenced. The gymnasiarch of Elis used to offer an annual sacrifice on his tomb as late as the time of Pausanias. (5.4.2.)

AFER, DOMI'TIUS, of Nemausus (Nismes) in Gaul, was praetor A. D. 25, and gained the favour of Tiberius by accusing Claudia Pulchra, the consobrina of Agrippina, in A. D. 26. (Tac. Ann. 4.52.) From this time he became one of the most celebrated orators in Rome, but sacrificed his character by conducting accusations for the government. In the following year, A. D. 27, he is again mentioned by Tacitus as the accuser of Varus Quintilius, the son of Claudia Pulchra. (Ann. 4.66.) In consequence of the accusation of Claudia Pulchra, and of some offence which he had given to Caligula, he was accused by the emperor in the senate, but by concealing his own skill in speaking, and pretending to be overpowered by the eloquence of Caligula, he not only escaped the danger, but was made consul suffectus in A. D. 39. (D. C. 59.19, 20.) In his old age Afer lost much of his reputation by continuing to speak in public, when his powers were exhausted. (Quint. Inst. 12.11.3; Tac. Ann. 4.52.) He died in the reign of Nero, A. D. 60 (Tac. Ann. 14.19), in consequence of a surfeit, according to Hieronymus in the Chronicon of Eusebius. Quintilian, when a young man, heard Domitius Afer (comp. Plin. Ep 2.14), and frequently speaks of him as the most distinguished orator of his age. He says that Domitius Afer and Julius Africanus were the best orators he had heard, and that he prefers the former to the latter. (10.1.118.) Quintilian refers to a work of his "On Testimony" (5.7.7), to one entitled "Dicta" (6.3.42), and to some of his orations, of which those on behalf of Domitilla, or Cloantilla, and Volusenus Catulus seem to have been the most celebrated. (8.5. 16, 9.2.20, 3.66, 4.31, 10.1.24, &c.) Respecting the will of Domitius Afer, see Plin. Ep. 8.18.

AFRA'NIA, CAIA or GAIA. the wife of the