Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/675

Rh CEDES. CAUNUS. TByums.] CAU'SIUS (Koouffios), a surname of Ascle- pius, derived from Caus in Arcadia, where he was worshipped. (Steph. Byz. s. v. Kaovs ; comp, Paus. viii. 25. $ 1.) [L. S.] CAY'STRIUS (Kadffrpios), a son of Achilles and the Amazon Penthesileia, from whom the river Caystrus was believed to have derived its name. Caystrius, together with Asius, had a heroum on the banks of that river. (Strab. xiv. p. 650 ; Serv. ad Aen. xi. 661.) [L. S.] CEBALFNUS {KtSaXivos), a brother of Nico- machus, who lived on licentious terms with Dimnus, the author of the plot against the life of Alexander the Great in B. c. 330. Nicomachus acquainted his brother with the plot, and the latter revealed it to Philotas that he might lay it before the king ; but as Philotas neglected to do so for two days, Cebalinus mentioned it to Metron, one of the royid pages, who immediately informed Alexander. Cebalinus was forthwith brought be- fore the king, and orders were given to arrest Dimnus. (Curt. vi. 7; Diod. xvii. 79.) [Phi- tOTAS.] CEDES (Ke§7;s), of Thebes, was a disciple of Philolaus, the Pythagorean, and of Socrates, with whom he was connected by intimate friendship. (Xen. Mem. i. 2. § 28, iii. 11. § 17 ; Plat. Cnt. p. 45, b.) He is introduced by Plato as one of the interlocutors in the Phaedo, and as having been present at the death of Socrates. (Phaed. p. 59, c.) He is said on the advice of Socrates to have purchased Phaedo, who had been a slave, and to have instructed him in philosophy. (Cell. ii. 18; Macrob. Sat. i. 11; Lactant. iii. 24.) Dio- genes Laertius (ii. 125) and Suidas ascribe to him three works, viz. Uivo^, 'E€56fni, and ^pvvixos, all of which Eudocia (p. 272) erroneously attributes to Callippus of Athens. The last two of these works are lost, and we do not know what they treated of, but the Hlva^ is still extant, and is re- ferred to by several ancient writers. (Lucian, Apdog. 42, Rhet. Praecept. 6 ; Pollux, iii. 9b ; Tertullian, De Praescript. 39 ; Aristaenet. i. 2.) This ITiVa^ is a philosophical explanation of a table on which the whole of human life with its dangers and temptations was symbolically represented, and which is said to have been dedicated by some one in the temple of Cronos at Athens or Thebes. The author introduces some youths contemplating the table, and an old man who steps among them undertakes to explain its meaning. The whole drift of the little book is to shew, that only the proper development of our mind and the possession of real virtues can make us truly happy. Suidas calls this irtVa^ a in^yr}(ris rwv ev"AtSou, an ex- planation which is not applicable to the work now extant, and some have therefore thought, that the irtfol to which Suidas refers was a different work from the one we possess. This and other circum- stances have led some critics to doubt whether our iriva^ is the work of the Theban Cebes, and to ascribe it to a later Cebes of Cyzicus, a Stoic philo- sopher of the time of Marcus Aurelius. (Athen. iv. p. 156.) But the •7r(»'a| which is now extant is manifestly written in a Socratic spirit and on So- cratic principles, so that at any rate its author is much more likely to have been a Socratic than a Stoic philosopher. There are, it is tnie, some few passages (e. g. c. 1 3) where persons are mentioned belonging to a later age than that of the Theban CECROPS. 657 Cebes, but there is little doubt but that this and a few simil.ir passjiges are interpolations by a later hand, which cannot surprise us in the case of a work of such popularity as the iriva^ of Cebes. For, owing to its ethical character, it was formerly extremely popuLir, and the editions and translar tions of it are very numerous. It has been tran»- lated into all the languages of Europe, and even into Russian, modern Greek, and Arabic. The first edition of it was in a Latin translation by L. Odaxius, Bologna, 1497. In this edition, as in nearly all the subsequent ones, it is printed to- gether with the Enchiridion of Epictetus. The first edition of the Greek text with a Latin trans- lation is that of Aldus (Venice, 4to., without date), who printed it together with the '* Institutiones et alia Opuscula" of C. Lascaris. This was fol- lowed by a great number of other editions, among which we need notice only those of H. Wolf (Basel, 1560, 8vo.), the Leiden edition (1640, 4to., with an Arabic translation by Elichmann) of Jac. Gronovius (Amsterdam, 1689, 8vo.), J. Schulze (Hamburg, 1694, 12mo.), T. Hemsterhuis (Ams- terdam, 1708, r2mo., together with some dialogues of Lucian), M.Meibom, and Adr.Reland (Utrecht, 1711, 4to.), and Th. Johnson. (London, 1720, 8vo.) The best modem editions are those of Schweighaiiser in his edition of Epictetus, and also separately printed (Strasshurg, 1806, 12mo.^, and of A. Coraes in his edition of Epictetus. (Paris, 1826, 8vo.) (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. ii. p. 702, &c. ; Klopfer, De Cebetis Tabula ires Diasertationes, Zwickau, 1818, &c., 4to. ; Memoires de PAcadimie des In- script. iii. p. 146, &c., xlviii. p. 455, &c.) [L. S.] CEBREN (Kegp^f), a river-god in Troas, the father of Asterope or Hesperie and Oenone. (Apol- lod. iii. 12. § 5, &c. ; Ov. Met. xi. 769.) [L. S.] CEBRI'ONES {KiSpi6vns a son of Priam, and charioteer of Hector, slain by Patroclus. (Horn. II. viii. 318, xi. 521, xvi. 736.) [L. S.] CECEIDES (KTj/ceiSrjs), of Hermione, a very ancient Greek dithyrambic poet, whom Aristo- phanes {Nvb. 981) reckons among those who be- longed to the good old times, but had become obsolete in his own days. The Scholiast on that passage remarks, that Ceceides was also mentioned by the comic poet Cratinus in his " Panoptae." (Comp. Suidas, s. v. KTjKt'Sios ; Bode, Gesch. der Lyr. Dichtk. der HeUen. ii. p. 303, note 1.) [L. S.] CECROPS (Ke/cp«i//), according to ApoUodorus (iii. 14. § 1, &c.) the first king of Attica, which derived from him its name Cecropia, having pre- viously borne the name of Acte. He is described as an autochthon, and is accordingly called a "yn-yivris, the upper part of whose body was human, while the lower was that of a dragon. Hence he is called Sk^ut}? or ffemimis. (Hygin. Fab. 48; Anton. Lib. 6 ; Diod. i. 28 ; Aristoph. Vesp. 438 ; Ov. Met. ii. 555.) Some ancients referred the epithet 5j<^uqy to marriage, of which tradition made him the foun- der. He was married to Agraulos, the daughter of Actaeus, by whom he had a son, Erysichthon, and three daughters, Agraulos, Herse, and Pan- drosos. ( Apollod. /. c. ; Paus. i. 2. § 5.) In his reign Poseidon called forth with his trident a well on the acropolis, which was known in later times by the name of the Erechthean well, from its being enclosed in the temple of Erechtheus. (Paus. i. 26. § 6 ; Herod, viii. 55.) The marine god now want- ed to take possession of the country ; but Athena, 2 u