Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/631

Rh CARINUS. a man of great rrilitary skill. (Hirt. B, Alex. 31.) He was tribune of the plcbs at the time of Cae- sar's death (b. c. 44) ; and as he was a supporter of the aristocratical party, and an opponent of An- tony, was excluded from the senate by the latter on the 28th of November. (Cic. Philipp. iii. 9.) [Ti. Canutius.] He took an active part in the war against Antony in the following year, and fiiU in the battle of Mutina, in which Antony was de- feated. (Appian, B. C. iii. 66, &c.; Cic. ad Fum. X. 33, XV. 4.) CARI'NAS. [Carrinas.] CARI'NUS, M. AURE'LIUS, the elder of the two sons of Cams. Upon the departure of his father for the Persian war (a. d. 282), he was ap- pointed supreme governor of all the Western pro- vinces, and received the titles of Caesar and Im- perator. After the death of Cams in 283, he assumed the purple conjointly with his brother, and upon receiving intelligence of the untimely fate of Numerianus and the elevation of Diocletian to the throne by the army of Asia, he set forth in all haste from G.iul to encounter his rival. The opposing hosts met in Maesia, several engagements followed, and at length a decisive battle was fought near Margum, in which Carinus gained the vic- tory, but, in the moment of triumph, was slain by some of his own officers, whose honour he had wounded in the course of his profligate indulgences. Historians agree in painting the character of this emperor in the darkest colours. When roused he was xmquestionably not deficient in valour and militar}^ skill, as was proved by the vigour with which he repressed certain seditious movements in Gaul, and by the successful conduct of his last campaign. But during the greater part of his short career he abandoned himself to the gratifica- tion of the most brutal passions, .and never scrupled at any act of oppression or cruelty. State affairs were totally neglected — the most upright of those by whom he was surrounded were banished or put to death, and the highest offices bestowed upon degraded ministers of his pleasures. Nine wives were wedded and repudiated in quick succession, and the palace, filled with a throng of players, dancers, harlots, and panders, presented a constant scene of riot and intemperance. It was bitterly observed, that in this prince the sensual enormities of Elagabalus were seen combined with the cold ferocity of Domitian. His only claims upon the affection of the populace consisted in the prodigal magnificence displayed in the celebration of games in honour of his brother and himself. These ap- pear to have transcended in fantastic splendour all previous exhibitions, and the details transmitted to us by Vopiscus are of a most strange and mar- vellous description. Chronologers are at variance with regard to the precise date of the death of Carinus. Eckhel seems inclined to fix it at the close of the year 284, but it is generally referred to the May following. (Vopisc. Ciirin. ; Aurel. Vict. Coe.t. xxxviii., Eptf. xxxviii. ; Zonar. xii. 30 ; Eutrop. ix. 12.) [W. R.] CARNA. 613 T. CARI'SIUS, defeated the Astures in Spain, and took their chief town, Lancia, about B. c. 25 ; but in consequence of the cruelty and insolence of Carisius, the Astures took up arms again in B. c. 22. (Florus, iv. 12. § 55, &c. ; Oros. vi. 21 ; Dion Cass. liii. 25, liv. 5.) There are several coins bearing the name of Carisius upon them, two specimens of which Jire given below. The former has on the obverse the head of a woman, and on the reverse a sphinx, with the inscription T. Ca- Risivs III. Vir: the latter has on the obverse the head of Augustus, with the inscription Imp. Caesar Avgvst., and on the reverse the gate of a city, over which is inscribed Imirita, and around it the words P. Carisivs Leg. Propr. There is nothing in the former coin except the praenomen Titus to identify it with the subject of this article ; but the latter one would appear to have been struck by the conqueror of the Astures, and perhaps Dion Cassius has made a mistake in calling him Titus. The word Imirita, which is also written Emerita and Iimiirita on some of the coins, seems to refer to the fact mentioned by Dion Cassius (liii. 26), that after the conquest of the Cantabri and Astures, Augustus dismissed many of his soldiers who had served their time (emeriti)^ and assigned them a toAvn in Lusitania, to which he gave the name of Augusta Emerita. (Eckhel, V. p. 162, &c.) CA'RIUS (Kaptos), the Carian, a surname of Zens, under which he had a temple at Mylassa in Caria, which belonged to the Carians, Lydians, and Mysians in common, as they were believed to be brother nations. (Herod, i. 171, v. 66 ; Strab. xiv. p. 659.) In Thessaly and Boeotia, Zeus was likewise worshipped under this name. (Phot. Leer. s. V.) [L. S.] CARMA'NOR (Kap/xdvup), a Cretan of Tarrha, father of Eubulus and Chrysothemis. He was said to have received and purified Apollo and Artemis, after they had slain the monster Python, and it was in the house of Carmanor that Apollo formed his connexion with the nj-raph Acacallis. (Pans. ii. 7. § 7, 30. § 3, x. 16. § 2, 7. § 2 ; comp. Miiller, Dor. ii. 1. § 5, 8. § 1 1.) [L. S.] CARME (Kdpnv)', a daughter of Eubulus, who became by Zeus the mother of Britomartis. (Pans, ii. 30. § 2.) Antoninus Liberalis (40) describes her as a grand-daughter of Agenor, and daughter of Phoenix. [L. S.] CARMENTA, CARMENAE, CARMENTIS. [Camenae.] CARNA or CARNEA, a Roman divhiity,