Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/624

Rh 606 CAPRARIUS. 6. T. QuiNCTius CixciNNATUs Capitolinus, consular tribune in B. c. 368. [Cincinnatus.] 7 T. QuiNCTius T. F. Pennus Capitolinus Crispin us, was appointed dictator in b. c. 361, to conduct the war against the Gauls, as Livy thinks, who is supported by the triumphal fasti, which ascribe to him a triumph in this year over the Gauls. In the year following he was magister equitum to the dictator, Q. Servilius Ahala, who likewise fought against the Gauls. In B. c. 354 he was consul with M. Fabius Ambustus, and in that 3'ear the Tiburtines and Tarquinienses were sub- dued. In B. c. 351, he was appointed consul a se- second time, and received the conduct of the war against the Faliscans as his province, but no battle was fought, as the Romans confined themselves to ravaging the country. (Liv. vii. 9, 11, 18, 22.) 8. T. QuiNCTius Pknnus Capitolinus Cris- pin us. In B. c. 214, when M. Claudius Marcellus went to Rome to sue for his third consulship, he left Capitolinus in Sicily in command of the Roman fleet and camp. In b. C. 209, he was elected prae- tor, and obtained Capua as his province. The year after, b. c. 208, he was elected consul together with M. CLiudius Marcellus, and both consuls were commissioned to carry on the war against Hannibal in Italy. In a battle which was fought in the neighbourhood of Tarentum, Capitolinus was se- verely wounded and retreated. He was afterwards carried to Capua and thence to Rome, where he died at the close of the year, after havmg pro- claimed T. Manlius Torquatus dictator. (Liv. xxiv. 39, xxvii. 6, 7,21, 27, 28, 33 ; Polyb. x. 32.) 9. T. QuiNCTius T. F. Pennus Capitolinus Crispinus, consul in B. c. 9. (Fast. Cap.) [L. S.] CAPITOLI'NUS, P. SE'XTIUS, surnamed VATICANUS, was consul in a c. 452 with T. Menenius Agrippa. In this year the ambassadors who had been sent to Athens for the purpose of consulting its laws and institutions, retui'ned to Rome, and in the year following P. Sextius was one of the decemvirs appointed to draw up a new code of laws. Festus (s. v. jKculatns) mentions a lex multaticia which was carried by P. Sextius and his colleague during their consulship. (Liv. iii. 32, &c. ; Dion vs. x. 64.) [L. S.] CAPITOLI'NUS, SP. TARPE'IUS MON- TA'NUS, consul in b. c. 454 with A. Aternius Varus. A lex de multae sacrame7iio which was carried in his consulship, is mentioned by Festus (s. V, peculatus^ comp. Cic. de lie Publ. ii. 35 ; Liv. iii. 31 ; Dionys. x. 48, 50). After the close of their office both consuls were accused by a tribune of the people for having sold the booty which they had made in the war against the Aequians, and giving the proceeds to the aerarium instead of dis- tributing it among the soldiers. Both were con- demned notwithstanding the violent opposition of the senate. In b. c. 449, when the Roman army advanced towards Rome to revenge the murder of Virginia, and had taken possession of the Aven- tine, Sp. Tarpeius was one of the two ambassadors whom the senate sent to the revolted army to re- monstrate with them. In the year following, he and A. Aternius, though both were patricians, were elected tribunes of the plebs by the cooptation of the college to support the senate in its opposi- tion to the rogation of the tribune L. Trebonius. (Liv. iii. 50, 55.) [L. S.] CAPRA'RIUS, a surname of Q. Caecilius Me- tellus, consul b. c. 113. [Metellus.] CAPTA. CAPRATINA, a surname of Juno at Rome, of which the origin is related as follows : — When the Roman state was in a very weak condition, after the ravages of the Gauls, the neighbouring people under Postumius Livius advanced from Fidenae before the gates of Rome, and demanded Roman women in marriage, threatening to destroy Rome completely unless their demand was complied with. AVhile the Roman senate was yet deliberating as to what was to be done, a slave of the name of Tutela or Philotis, offered to go with her fellow- slaves, in the disguise of free women, to the camp of the enemy. The stratagem succeeded, and when the Latins in their camp, intoxicated with wine, had fallen asleep, the slaves gave a signal to the Romans from a wild fig-tree {vaprificus). The Romans now broke forth from the city, and de- feated the enemy. The senate rewarded the generosity of the female slaves by restoring them to freedom, and giving to each a dowry from the public treasury. The day on which Rome had thus been delivered, the 7th of July, was called nonae Caprotinae, and an annual festival was cele- brated to Juno Caprotina in all Latiura, by free women as well as by female slaves, with much mirth and merriment. The solemnity took place under the ancient caprificus, and the milky juice flowing from the tree was offered as a sacrifice to the goddess. (Macrob. Sat. i. 11 ; Varro, DeLing. Lat. vi. 18; Pint. Rovml 29, Camil. 33.) [L.S.J CAPRE'OLUS, succeeded Aurelius in the epis- copal see of Cai-thage in the year 430, at the period when all Africa was overrun and ravaged by the Vandals. The state of the country rendering it impossible to send a regular deputation to the council of Ephesus, summoned in 431 for the pur- pose of discussing the doctrines of Nestorius, Ca- preolus despatched thither his deacon Besula, with an epistle, in which he deplores the circumstances which compelled his absence, and denounces the tenets of the patriarch of Constantinople. Capreolus is believed to have died before 439, the year ia which Carthage was stormed by the Vandals. We possess, 1. Epistola ad Synodum Ephesinaniy written, as we have seen above, in 431. It is ex- tant both in Greek and Latin. 2. Epistola de una Chrisli veri Dei et Hominis Persona contra recens damnatum Haeresim Nestoiiiy a long and learned letter, addressed to two persons named Vitalis and Constantius, or Tonantius, who had written from Spain to consult Capreolus con- cerning the controversy which was then agitating the church. It is contained in the Varior. Opusc. of Sirmond, vol. i. Paris, 1G75, 8vo. Both of the above works, together with the epis- tle of Vitalis and Tonantius to Capreolus, will be found in the Bibliotheca Patrum of Galland, vol. ix. p. 490. 3. A fragment in reply to the letter addressed by Theodosius to Augustin with regard to the council of Ephesus, is preserved by Ferrandus in his " Epistola ad Pelagium et Anatolium," and quoted by Galland. 4. Tillemont believes Capreolus to be the author of the Sermo de Tempore Bai'harico^ on the invasion of Africa by the Vandals, usually included among the works of St. Augustin. Galland, Bibl. Patrum. vol. ix. Prolegg. p. 31 ; Schoenemann, Bibl. Pa- trum Lalinorum^ c. v. 32, who enumerates all the editions. [W. R.] CAPTA or CAPITA, a surname of the Minerva