Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/535

Rh BUPALUS. the whole story is fictitious, .is Welcker has shewn. Ijrchiv fur PhUuL 1830, Nos. 9 and 10.) [W- I-l JiULBUS, a Roman senator and an unprincipled man, was one of the judices at the trial of Oppia- nicus. Staienus, another of the judices at the trial, had received a sum of money to secure the acquit- tiil of Oppianicus ; but, although Bulbus had ob- tiined a share of it, he and Staienus condemned Oppianicus. Bulbus was afterwards condemned on a charge of treason {majestas) for attempting to corrupt a legion in Illyricum. (Cic. pro Clucnt, 2G, 35, c. Verr. ii. 32.) BULBUS, C. ATI'LIUS, was consul in b. c. 245, a second time in 235, and censor in 234. In his second consulship, in which he had T. Manlius Torquatus for a colleague, the temple of Janus was closed for the first time after the reign of Numa. (Fast Capit. ; Eutrop. ii. 3; Oros. iv. 12; Plut. Num. 20 ; comp. Liv. L 19.) BULBUS, C. NORBA'NUS. [Norbanus.] BULIS(Boi;Ais)and SPE'RTHIAS (27rep0i7}s), two 6partaii3 of noble rank, voluntjirily offered to go to Xerxes and offer themselves to punishment, when the hero Talythibius was enraged against the Spartans on account of their having murdered the heralds whom Dareius had sent to Sparta ; but, upon their arrival at Susa, they were dismissed uninjured by the king. Their names are written somewhat differently by different authors. (Herod, vii. 134, &c. ; Plut. ApopJdh. Lac. 60, p. 235, f., Praec. Reipubl. Ger. 19, p. 815, e. ; Lucian, Dem. Enc. 32; Suidas, s.v.; Stobaeus, Serm. vii. p. 93.) There was a mournful song upon this Sperthias or Sperchis, as he is called by Theocritus, which seems to have been composed when he and his companion left Sparta. (Theocr. Id. xv. 98.) BULON (BouAwv), the founder of the town of Bulls in Phocis. (Paus. x. 37. § 2 ; Steph. Byz. s. V. BovXts.) [L. S.] BUNAEA (Bowota), a surname of Hera, de- rived from Bunus, the son of Hermes and Alcida- meia, who is said to have built a sanctuary to Hera on the road which led up to Acrocorinthus. (Paus. ii. 4. § 7, 3. § 8.) [L.S.] BU'PALUS,an architect and sculptor of the island of Chios, where his family is said to have exercised the art of statuary from the beginning of the OljTnpiads. (Plin. /f, iV. xxxvi. 5 ; comp. Thiersch, Epoch. Anm. p. 58.) Bupalus and his brother Athenis are said by Pliny (/. c.) and Suidas {s. v. 'l-mruiva^) to have made caricatures of the famous iarabographical poet Hipponax, which the poet re- quited by the bitterest satires. (Welcker, Hij^. fragm. p. 12.) This stor}', which we have no grounds for doubting, gives at once a pretty certain date for the age of the two artists, for Hipponax was a contemporary of Dareius (b. c. 524 — 485) ; and it also accounts for their abilities, which for their time must have been uncommon. This is proved moreover by the fact, that Augustus adorned most of his temples at Rome with their works. It is to be noticed that marble was their material. In the earlier period of Greek art Avood and bronze was the common material, until by the exertions of Dipoenus and Scyllis, and the two Chian bro- thers, Bupalus and Athenis, marble became more general. Welcker {Rhein. jVhiseum, iv, p. 254) has pointed out the great importance which Bupalus and his brother acquired by forming entire groups of statues, which before that time had been wrought as isolated figures. The father of Bupalus and BURRUS. 517 Athenis, likewise a celebrated artist, is generally called Anthermus, which being very differently spelt in the different MSS. has been rejected by Sillig (Cat. Art. s. «), who proposes to read Archcncus. The reading Anthermus for the son'g name instead of Athenis has long been generally given up. [W. I.] BU'PHAGUS (Bovcpayos). 1. A son of lapetus and Thomaxe, an Arcadian hero and husband of Promne. He received the wounded Iphicles, the brother of Heracles, into his house, and took care of him until he died. Buphagus was afterwards killed by Artemis for having pursued her. (Paus. viii. 14. §6, 27. § 11.) 2. A surname of Heracles, Lepreus, and others, who were believed to have eaten a wliole bull at once. (Apollod. ii. 7. § 7, 5. § 1 1 ; Aelian, V. H. L 24 ; Eustath. ad Horn. p. 1 523.) [L. S.] BURA (BoCpa), a daughter of Ion, the ances- tral hero of the lonians, and Helice, from whom the Achaean town of Bura derived its name. (Paus. vii. 25. § 5 ; Steph. Byz. s. v.) [L. S.] BURA'ICUS (BovpaiKos), a surname of He- racles, derived from the Achaean town of Bura, near which he had a statue on the river Buraicus, and an oracle in a cave. Persons who consulted this oracle first said prayers before the statue, and then took four dice from a heap which was always kept ready, and threw them upon a table. These dice were marked with certain characters, the meaning of which was explained with the help of a painting which hung in the cave. (Paus. vii. 25. § 6.) [L. S.] BURDO, JU'LIUS, commander of the fleet in Germany, a. d. 70, was obnoxious to the soldiers, because it was thought that he had had a hand in the death of Fonteius Capito ; but he was protect- ed by Vitellius from the vengeance of the soldiers. (Tac. Hist. i. 58.) BU'RICHLTS (Boupjxos), one of the command- ers of Demetrius Poliorcetes in the sea-fight off Cyprus, b. c. 306, was one of the flatterers of the king, to whom the Athenians erected an altar and a heroum. (Died. xx. 52 ; Athen. vi. p. 253, a.) C.BURRIE'NUS, praetor urbanus about b. c. 82. (Cicjoro Quint. 6,21.) BURRUS or BURRHUS, AFRANIUS, a distinguished Roman general under Claudius and Nero, who was appointed by Claudius sole prae- fectus praetorio, a. d. 52, upon the recommendation of Agrippina, the wife of the emperor, as she hoped to obtain more influence over the praetorian cohorts by one man being their praefect instead of two, especially as Burrus was made to feel that he owed his elevation to her. Burrus and Seneca conducted the education of Nero, and although they were men of very different pursuits, yet they agreed in their endeavours to bring up the young prince in virtuous habits. When Claudius died in A. D. 55, Burrus accompanied Nero from the palace to the praetorians, who, at the command of their praefect, received Nero with loud acclamations. It appears, indeed, that Nero owed his elevation to the throne chiefly to the influence of Burrus. The executions which Agrippina ordered in the beginning of Nero's reign were strenuously opposed by Burrus and Seneca. When Nero had given orders in a. d. 60 to put his mother Agrippina to death, and was informed that she had escaped with a slight wound, he consulted Biurrus and Seneca, hoping that they would assist him in carrying his