Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/519

Rh BOSTAR. nOO'PIS (BowTTis), an epithet commonly given to Hera in the Homoric poems. It has been said, that the goddess was^thus designated in allusion to her having metamorphosed lo into a cow ; but this opinion is contradicted by the fact, that other divi- nities too, such as Euryphai'ssa (Horn. Hymn, in Sol. 2) and Pluto (Hesiod. Tlwotj. 355), are men- tioned with the same epithet ; and from this cir- cumstance it must be inferred, that the poets meant to express by it nothing but the sublime and ma- jestic character of those divinities. [L. S.] BO'REAS (Bope'ay or Bopos), the North wind, was, according to Hesiod {Theog. 379), a son of Astraeus and Eos, and brother of Hesperus, Ze- phyrus, and Notus. He dwelt in a cave of mount Haemus in Thrace. (Callim. Hymn, in Del. 63.) He is mixed up with the early legends of Attica in the story of his having carried off Oreithyia, the daughter of Erechtheus, by whom he begot Zetes, Calais, and Cleopatra, the wife of Phineus, who are therefore called Boreades. (Ov. Met. vi. 683, fi.c.% Apollon. Rhod. i. 211; Apollod. iii. 15. § 2 ; Paus. i. 19. § 6.) In the Persian war, Boreas shewed his friendly disposition towards the Athe- nians by destroying the ships of the barbarians. (Herod, vii. 189.) He also assisted the Megalo- politans against the Spartans, for which he was honoured at Megalopolis with annual festivals. (Paus. viii. 36. § 3.) According to an Homeric tradition (//. xx. 223), Boreas begot twelve horses by the mares of Erich thonius, which is commonly explained as a mere figurative mode of expressing the extraordinary swiftness of those horses. On the chest of Cj^pselus he was represented in the act of carrying off Oreithyia, and here the place of his legs was occupied by tails of serpents. (Paus. V. 19. § 1.) Respecting the festivals of Boreas, celebrated at Athens and other places, see Diet, of Ant. s. V. BopeafffjLoi. [L. S.] BORMUS {Bupfios or Boopifios), a son of Upius, a Mariandynian, was a youth distinguished for his extraordinary beauty. Once during the time of harvest, when he went to a well to fetch water for the reapers, he was drawn into the well by the nymphs, and never appeared again. For this rea- son, the country people in Bithj'nia celebrated his memory every year at the time of harvest with plaintive songs (jSoIp/xoi) with the accompaniment of their flutes. ( Athen. xiv. p. 620 ; Aeschyl. Pers. 941; Schol. ad Dionys. Perieg. 791; Pollux, iv. 54.) ^ [L. S.] BORUS (BiSpos), two mythical personages, of whom no particulars are related. (Apollod. iii. 1 3. §1; Paus. ii. 18. §7.) [L. S.] BOSTAR (BftJffTwp, Polyb. iii. 98 ; Bwjrropos, Polyb. i. 30; BoS<5(rT«p, Diod. Exc. xxiv,). 1. A Carthaginian general, who, in conjunction with Hamilcar and HasdrubaL, the son of Hanno, com- manded the Carthaginian forces sent against M. Ati- lius Regulus when he invaded Africa in B. c. 256. Bostar and his colleagies were, however, quite in- competent for their office. Instead of keeping to the plains, where their cavalry and elephants would have been formidable to the Romans, they retired to the mountains, where these forces were of no use ; and they were defeated, in consequence, near the town of Adis, with great slaughter. The generals, we are told, were taken prisoners ; and we leani from Diodorus, that Bostar and Hamilcar were, after the death of Regulus, delivered up to his fa- mily, who behaved to them with such barbarity, BRACHYLLES. 501 that Bostar died of the treatment he leceivcd. The cruelty of the family, however, excited so much odium at Rome, that the sons of Regulus thought it advisable to burn the body of Bostar, and send his ashes to Carthage. This account of Diodorus, which, Niebuhr remarks, is probably taken from Philinus, must be regarded as of doubt- ful authority. (Polyb. i. 30; Oros. iv. 8; Eutrop. ii. 21 ; Flor. ii. 2; Diod. Ejcc. xxxiv.; Niebuhr, Hist, of Rome., iii. p. 600.) 2. The Carthaginian commander of the merce- nary troops in Sardinia, was, together with all the Carthaginians with him, killed by these soldiers when they revolted in B. c. 240. (Polyb. i. 79.) 3. A Carthaginian general, who was sent by Hasdrubal, the commander-in-chief of the Cartha- ginian forces in Spain, to prevent the Romans un- der Scipio from crossing the Iberus in B. c. 217. But not daring to do this, Bostar fell back upon Saguntum, where all the hostages were kept which had been given to the Carthaginians by the diffe- rent states in Spain. Here he was persuaded by Abelox, who had secretly gone over to the Ro- mans, to set these hostages at liberty, because such an act would secure the affections of the Spanish people. But the hostages had no sooner left the city, than they were betrayed by Abelox into the hands of the Romans, For his simplicity on this occasion, Bostar was involved in great danger. (Polyb. iii. 98, 99 ; Li v. xxii. 22.) 4. One of the ambassadors sent by Hannibal to Philip of Macedonia in B. c. 215. The ship in which they sailed was taken by the Romans, and the ambassadors themselves sent as prisoners to Rome. (Liv. xxiii. 34.) We are not told whether they obtained their freedom ; and consequently it is uncertain whether the Bostar who was governor of Capua with Hanno, in 211, is the same as the preceding. (Liv. xxvi. 5, 12 ; Appian, Annih. 43.) BO'TACHUS (Bccraxos), a son of locritus and grandson of Lycurgus, from whom the demos Bo- tachidae or Potachides at Tegea was believed t« have derived its name. (Paus. viii, 45. § 1 ; Steph, Byz. s. V. BwTax^Saj.) [L. S.J BOTANIDES. [Nicephorus III.] BO'TRYAS (BoTpuas), of Myndus, is one of the writers whom Ptolemy, the son of Hephaestion made use of in compiling his " New History," (Phot. p. 147, a., 21, ed. Bekker.) BOTRYS (B(5Tpus), a native of Messana in Sicily, was the inventor of the lascivious poems called nat7j/ta. (Athen. vii. p. 322, a.; Polyb. xii. 13; Suidas, s. v. Ajiuoxapv^.) BOTRYS {b6tpvs), a Greek physician, who must have lived in or before the first century after Christ. His writings are not now extant, but they were used by Pliny for his Natural His- tory. (Ind. to H. N. xiii. xiv.) One of his pre- scriptions is preserved by Galen. {De Compos. Me- dicam. sec. Locos. iiL I, vol. xii. p. 640.) [W.A.G.] BOTTHAEUS (Bot0o«{s), is mentioned along with Scylax of Caryanda by Marcianus of Hera- cleia (p. 63) as one of those who wrote a Periplus. BRACHYLLES or BRACHYLLAS (Bpa- XuAAtjs, Bpaxi'AAas), was the son of Neon, a Boeotian, who studiously courted the favour of the Macedonian king Antigonus Doson ; and accord- ingly, when the latter took Sparta, B. c. 222, he entrusted to Brachyllas the government of the city. (Polyb. XX. 5 ; comp. ii. 70, v. 9, ix. 36.) After the death of Antigonus, b. c. 220, Brachyllas con-