Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/512

Rh iifi BOCCHUS. her life by poison. Her body was interred with great solemnity by the Britons, who then dispersed. This victory, which Tacitus declares equal to the great victories of ancient times, finally established the Roman dominion in Britain. (Tac. Ann. xiv. 31-37, Agric. 15, 16; Dion Cass. Ixii. 1-12.) [L.S.] BOCCHAR. 1. A king of the Mauri in the time of Masinissa, b. c. 204. (Liv. xxix. 30.) 2. A general of Syphax, who sent him against Masiniss:^ B.C. 204/ (Liv. xxix. 32.) [P. S.] BO'CCHORIS (BdKxopis), an Egyptian king and legislator, who was distinguished for his wis- dom, avarice, and bodily weakness. His laws rekted chielly to the prerogatives of the king and to pecuniary obligations. (Diod. i. 94.) From his not being mentioned by Herodotus, it has been conjectured that he was identical with Asychis. (Herod, ii. 136.) Eusebius places him alone in the twenty-fourth dynasty, calls him a Saite, and says that, after reigning forty-four years, he was taken prisoner and burnt by Sabacon. {Cliron. Arm. pp. 104, 318, Mai and Zohrab ; compare Syncellus, pp. 74, b., 184, c.) According to Wilkinson, he began to reign b. c. 812 ; he was the son and suc- cessor of Turphachthus ; and his name on the mo- numents is Pehor, Bakhor, or Amun-se-Pehor. {Ancient Egyptians, i. pp. 130, 138.) In the Ar- menian copy of Eusebius his name is spelt Boccha- ris, in Syncellus B^xX'^P'^- (See also Aelian, Hist. An. xii. 3; Tac. Hist. v. 3 ; Athen. x. p. 418, f., where his father is called Neochabis.) [P. S.] BOCCHUS {B6kxos). 1. A king of Maure- tauia, who acted a prominent part in the war of the Romans against Jugurtha, He was a barba- rian without any principles, assuming alternately the appearance of a friend of Jugurtha and of the Romans, as his momentary inclination or avarice dictated ; but he ended his prevarication by be- traying Jugurtha to the Romans. In B. c. 108, Jugurtlia, who was then hard pressed by the pro- consul Q. Metellus, applied for assistance to Boc- chus, whose daughter was his wife. Bocchus com- plied the more readily with this request, since at the beginning of the war he had made offers of alliance and friendship to the Romans, which had been rejected. But when Q. Metellus also sent an embassy to him at the same time, Bocchus entered into negotiations with him likewise, and in conse- quence of this the war against Jugurtha was al- most suspended so long as Q, Metellus had the command. When in b. c. 1 07, C. Marius came to Africa as the successor of Metellus, Bocchus sent several embassies to him, expressing his desire to enter into friendly relations with Rome ; but when at the same time Jugurtha promised Bocchus the third part of Numidia, and C. Marius ravaged the portion of Bocchus's dominion which he had for- merly taken from Jugurtha, Bocchus accepted the proposal of Jugurtha, and joined him with a large force. The two kings thus united made an attack upon the Romans, but were defeated in two suc- cessive engagements. Hereupon, Bocchus again sent an embassy to Marius, requesting him to des- patch two of his most trustworthy officers to him, that he might negotiate with them. Marius ac- cordingly sent his quaestor, Sulla, and A. Manlius, who succeded in effecting a decided change in the king's mind. Soon after, Bocchus despatched ambas- sadors to Rome, but they fell into the hands of the Gaetuli, and having made their escape into the camp of Sulla, who received them very hospitably, BOEDROMIUS. they proceeded to Rome, where hopes of an alli- ance and the friendship of the Roman people wf^re held out to them. When Bocchus was informed of this, he requested an interview with Sulla. This being granted, Sulla tried to persuade Boc- chus to deliver up Jugurtha into the hands of the Romans. At the same time, however, Ju- gurtha also endeavoured to induce him to betray Sulla, and these clashing proposals made Bocchus hesitate for a while ; but he at last detennined to comply Avith the wish of Sulla. Jugurtha was ac- cordingly invited to negotiate for peace, and when he arrived, was treacherously taken prisoner, and delivered up to Sulla, B. c. 106. According to some accounts, Jugurtha had come as a fujiitive to Bocchus, and was then handed over to the Romans. Bocchus was rewarded for his treachery by an alli- ance with Rome, and he was even allowed to dedi- cate in the Capitol statues of Victory and golden images of Jugurtha representing him in the act of being delivered up to Sulki. (Sail, Jug. 19, 80- 120 ; Appian, Numid. 3, 4 ; Liv. Epit. Q<d ; Dion Cass. Fragm. lieimar. n. 168, 169; Eutrop. iv. 27 ; Florus, iii. 1 ; Oros. v. 15 ; VeU. Pat. u. 12 ; Plut. Mar. 10, 32, Sutl. 3.) 2. Probably a son of the preceding, and a bro- ther of Bogud, who is expressly called a son of Bocchus I. (Oros. v. 21.) These two brothers for a time possessed the kingdom of Mauretania in common, and, being hostile to the Pompeian party, J. Caesar confirmed them, in B. c. 49, as kings of Mauretania, which some writers describe as if Caesar had then raised them to this dignity. In Caesar's African war, Bocchus was of great service, by taking Cirta, the capital of Juba, king of Nu- midia, and thus compelling him to abandon the cause of Scipio. Caesar rewarded him with a por- tion of the dominions of Masinissa, the ally of Juba, which however was taken from him, after the death of Caesar, by Arabion, the son of Masi- nissa. There is a statement in Dion Cassias (xliii. 36), that, in b. c. 45, Bocchus sent his sons to Spain to join Cn. Pompey. If this is true, it can only be accounted for by the supposition, that Bocchus was induced by jealousy of his brother Bogud to desert the cause of Caesar and join the enemy ; for all we know of the two brothers shews that the good understanding between them had ceased. Dui'ing the civil war between Antony and Octavianus, Bocchus sided with the latter, while Bogud was in alliance with Antony. When Bogud was in Spain, b. c. 38, Bocchus usurped the sole government of Mauretania, in which he was afterwards confirmed by Octavianus. He died about B. c. 33, whereupon his kingdom became a Roman province. (Dion Cass. xli. 42, xliii. 3, 36, xlviii. 45, xlix. 43 ; Appian, B. c. ii. 96, iv. 54, v. 26; Hirt. B. A/r.25 ; Strab.xvii. p. 828.) [L.S.] BODON (BwSwj/), an ancient hero, from whom the Thessalian town of Bodone derived its name. (Steph. Byz. s. v. BuSciurj.) [L. S.] BODUOGNA'TUS, a leader of the Nervii in their war against Caesar, b. c. 57. (Caes. B. G, ii. 23.) BOEBUS (Bongos), a son of Glaphyrus, from whom the Thessalian town of Boebe derived its name. (Steph. Byz. s. v. BolStj.') [L. S.] BOEDRO'MIUS (BoTjSpJ^zos), the helper in distress, a surname of Apollo at Athens, the origin of which is explained in different ways. Accord- ing to some, the god was thus called because he