Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/492

Rh 474 BATHYLLUS. danus, and mother of IIus and Erichthonius, The town of Bateia in Troas was believed to have de- rived its name from her. (Arrian, ap. Eustath. ad Horn. p. 351.) Tzetzes (ad Lycoph. 29) calls her a sister of Scamander, the father of Teucer by the nymph Idaea ; and in another passage {ad Lycoph. 1298) he calls the daughter of Teucer, who mar- ried Dardanus, by the name of Arisbe, and de- scribes Erichthonius as her son, and Ilus as her grandson. A Naiad of the name of Bateia occurs in Apollodorus. (iii. 10. § 4.) [L. S.] BATHANA'TIUS {Baeaudrios), the leader of the Cordistae, a Gaulish tribe, who invaded Greece with Brennus in B. c. 279. After the defeat of Brennus, Bathanatius led his people to the banks of the Danube, where they settled down. The way by which they returned received from their leader the name of Bathanatia ; and his descendants were called Bathanati. ( Athen. vi. p. 234, b.) BATHYCLES (BafluKATji), a celebrated artist of Magnesia on the Maeander(Heyne,^«//^.^?</^. i. p. 108), the head of a band of artists of the same town, who constructed for the Lacedaemonians the colossal throne of the Amyclaean Apollo, co- vered with a great number of bas-reliefs, and sup- ported and surmounted by statues. This throne, the most considerable work of art of the period, was destined for a statue of Apollo, which was of a much earlier date, and consisted of a brazen pil- lar, thirty cubits high, to which a head, arms, and the extremities of the feet were affixed. Accord- ingly this statue was standing on the throne, and not sitting like that of Zeus at Olympia, however strange the combination of a chair and a man standing on it must have looked. Pausanias (iii. 18. § 6) gives a minute description of the throne, or rather of tiie sculptures upon it, according to which Quatremere de Quincy undertook to restore it, and gave a picture of it in his "Jupiter Olym- pien," on the accuracy of which we cannot of course rely at all, considering the indistinctness with which Pausanias speaks of the shape of the throne. It is not even certain whether the throne was con- structed of wood, and covered with golden and ivory plates to receive the bas-reliefs, or wrought in any other material. (K. 0. Miiller, Handb. d. Arch'dol. § 85.) The same doubts exist as to its height, which Quatremere fixes at thirty cubits, Welcker at fifty. (Welcker, Zeitschnft fur Ge^ch. d. alt. Kunst, i. p. 279, &c.) Of the age of Bathy- cles we have no definite statements of the ancient writers. However, all modem scholars (Winckel- mann, Bottiger, Voss, Quatremere, Welcker, Sil- lig) except Thiersch agree, that he must have flou- rished about the time of Solon, or a little later. Thiersch was evidently wrong {Epoclien, p. 34, Anm. p. 53) when he placed Bathycles as early as 01. 29, relying mostly on a passage of Pausanias (iii. 18. § 6), which however is far from being de- cisive. (Voss, Myth. Briefe, ii. p. 188; Sillig, Catal. Artiff. s. i) [W. I.] BATHYLLUS. 1, Of Alexandria, the freed- man and favoorite of Maecenas, together with Pylades of Cilicia and Hylas the pupil of the latter, brought to perfection during the reign of Augustus the imitative dance or ballet called Pantomimus, which excited boundless enthusiasm among all classes at Rome, and formed one of the most ad- mired public amusements until the downfall of the empire. Bathyllus excelled in comic, while Pylades was preeminent in tragic personifications ; BATON, each had a numerous train of disciples, each was the foiyider of a school which transmitted his fame to succeeding generations, and each was considered the head of a party among the citizens, resembling in its character the factions of the Circus, and the rivalry thus introduced stirred up angry passions and violent contests, which sometimes ended in open riot and bloodshed. The nature and peculi- arities of these exhibitions are explained in the Diet of Ant. s. v. Pantomimus. (Tac. Ann. i. 54; Senec. Quaest. Natur. vii. 32, Controv. v. praef. ; Juv. vi. 63; Suet. Odav. 45; Dion Cass. liv. 17; Plut. Symp. vii. 8; Macrob. ii. 7 ; Athen. i. p. 70 ; Zosimus, i. 6 ; Suid. s, vv. "Opxv^^^s and 'A67]v6Swpos.) 2. Is named in the life of Virgil, ascribed to Tib. CI. Donatus, as " poeta quidam mediocris," the hero of the 6'iG vos non vohis stoiy. (Vit. Virg. xvii. § 70.) [W. R.] BATHYLLUS {BdQvWos), a Pythagorean philosopher, to whom, together with Brontinus and Leon of Metapontum, Alcmaeon of Crotona [Alo maeon] addressed his treatise on Natural Philo- sophy. (Diog. Laert. viii. 83.) [A. G.] BATIS (BoT^s), the sister of Epicurus, who married Idomeneus. (Diog. Laert. x. 23.) BATON (BoTwi/), the charioteer of Amphiaraus. Both belonged to the house of Melampus, and both were swallowed up by the earth after the battle of Thebes. Baton was afterwards worshipped as a hero, and had a sanctuary at Argos. He was re- presented on the chest of Cypselus, and at Delphi his statue stood by the side of that of Amphiaraus, both having been dedicated there by the Argives. (Apollod. iii. 6. § 8 ; Pans. ii. 23. § 2, v. 17. § 4, X. 10. § 2.) Stephanus of Byzantium {s.v." Pipirvia) states that, after the disappearance of Amphiaraus, Baton emigrated to the town of Harpyia in lllyria; but Stephanus seems to confound here the mythical Baton with the historical person mentioned in the following article. [L. S.] BATON or BATO. 1. The son of Longarus, a Dalmatian chief, who joined the Romans in their war with Philip of Macedon, B. c. 200. (Liv. xxxi. 28.) 2. The name of two leaders of one of the most for- midable insurrections in the reign of Augustus. The one belonged to the Dysidiatian tribe of the Dalma- tians, and the other to the Breucians, a Pannonian people. The insurrection broke out in Dalmatia, in A. D. 6, when Tiberius was engaged in his second German expedition, in which he was accompanied by Valerius Messallinus, the governor of Dalmatia and Pannonia, with a great part of the army sta- tioned in those countries. The example of the Dalmatians was soon followed by the Breucians, who, under the command of their countryman Bato, marched against Sirmium, but were defeated by Caecina Severus, the governor of Moesia, who had advanced against them. Meantime the Dalmatian Bato had marched against Salonae, but was unable to accomplish anything in person in consequence of having received a severe wound from a stone in battle : he despatched others, however, in command of the troops, who laid waste all the sea-coast as far as Apollonia, and defeated the Romans in battle. The news of this formidable outbreak recalled Tiberius from Germany, and he sent Messallinus ahead with part of the troops. The Dalmatian Bato had not vet recovered from his wound, but he