Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/467

Rh AZKSIA. .142); ^iKivva (x. p. 44-2); XaKiiiK6s (vi. p. 239, iu.p.9.5.) [C.P. M.] AXIOPISTUS ('A|jo7rj(TTos), a Locrian or Sicyonian, was the author of a poem entitled KavuiP KOI FvcSjuoj, which was commonly ascribed to Epichumius. (Athen. xiv. p. 648, d. e.) AXIOPOENOS {"A^ioiroivos), the avenger, a suniarae of Athena. Under this name Heracles built a temple to the goddess at Sparta, after he had chastised Hippocoon Jind his sons for the mur- der of Oeonus. (Pans. iii. 15. § 4.) [L. S.] AXIOTIIEA. [Prometheus.] AX I O'TH EA ('A|(o0e'o). 1. Wife of Nicocles, kill"? of Paphos. When Nicocles, by the command of Ptolemy Lagi, killed himself, Axiothea slew her daughters with her own hand, to prevent their fall- ing into the hands of their enemies, and then, to- gether with her sisters-in-law, killed herself. (Diod. XX. 21; Polyaen. Strateg. viii. 48.) 2. A native of Phlius, who came to Athens, and putting on male attire, was for some time a hearer of Plato, and afterwards of Speusippus. (Diog. Laert. iii. 46, iv. 2 ; Clem. Alex. Stromat. iv. p. 523 ; Themistius, Orat. iv.) [C. P. M.] A'XIUS ("Altos), a Paeonian river-god, who begot by Periboea a son, Pelegon, the father of As- teropaeus. (Hom. //. xxi. 141, with the note of Eustath.; Asteropaeus.) [L. S.] A'XIUS. 1. L. Axius, a Roman knight, men- tioned by Varro. (/?. R. iii. 7.) 2. Q. Axius, an intimate friend of Cicero and Varro, the latter of whom has introduced him as one of the speakers in the third book of his de Re Riwtica. (Comp. Cic. ad Ait. iii. 15, iv. 15.) Sue- tonius quotes (CoMJs. 9) from one of Cicero's letters to Axius, and Gellius speaks (vii. 3) of a letter Avhich Tiro, the freedman of Cicero, wrote to Axius, the friend of his patron. Axius was a man of wealth, and was accustomed to lend money, if at least the Axius to whom Cicero talked of applying in B. c. 61 {ad Att. i. 12), is the same a« the above. In B. c. 49, however, we find that Axius was in Cicero's debt, {ad Alt. x. 11, 13, 15.) AXUR. [Anxur.] AZAN ('Afixi'), a st)n of Areas and the njTnph Erato, was the brother of Apheidas and Elatus, and father of Cleitor. The part of Arcadia which he received from his father was called, after him, Azania. After his death, funeral games, which were believed to have been the first in Greece, were celebrated in his honour. (Paus. viii. 4. §§ 2, 3, v. 1. § 6 ; Steph. Byz. s. v. 'K^ivia.) [L. S.] AZANI'TES ('Afaj/iTTjs), a physician whose medical formulae appear to have enjoyed some ce- lebrity, as they are quoted with approbation by Galen {de Compos. Medicam. sec. Gen. t. 2. vol. xiii. p. 784), Oribasius {Synops. iii. p. 43), Aetrus (Te- trab. iv. Serm. ii. 34. p. 705, and Tetrab. iv. Serm. iii. 21. p. 772), Paulus Aegineta (iv. 55, p. 530, vii. 19, p. 686), and others. As Galen is the ear- liest writer by whom he is mentioned, he must have lived some time in or before the second cen- tury after Christ. [ W. A. G.] AZEMILCUS ('AfeViXKos), king of Tyre, was serving in the Persian fleet under Autophradates at the time when Alexander arrived at Tyre, B, c. 332. He was in the city when it was taken, but his life was snared by Alexander. (Arrian, ii. 15, 24.) ^ AZE'SIA ('A^Tjo-Ia), a surname of Demeter and Persephone, which is derived either from d^alvuv BABYS. 44f> reus KapKovs, to dry fioiits, or from ^qTtty, to seek. (Zenob. iv. 20 ; Snid. s. v.; Hesych. s. v.; Spiin- hehn, ad Callim. p. 740.) [L. S.] AZEUS (*Aj"€i/s), a son of Clymenus of Orcho- menos, was a brother of Erginus, Stratius, Arrhon, and Pyleus, father of Actor and grandfather of Astyoche. (Horn. //. ii. 513 ; Paus. ix. 37. § 2.) He went with his brothers, under the command of Erginus, the eldest, against Thebes, to take ven- geance for the murder of his father, who had been slain by the Thebans at a festival of the Onches- tian Poseidon. [Erginus, Clymenus.] [L. S.] AZO'RUS ("Afcofjos), according to Hesychius {s. v.), the helmsman of the ship Argo, who is said to have built the Pelagouian town of Azoros. (Steph. Byz. s. v,) [L. S.] B. BA'BILUS, an astrologer at Rome, in the reign of Nero (Suet. Ner. c. 36), is perhaps the same as Barbillus. [Barbillus.] BA'BRlUS(Bogptos), or BA'BRI AS (Bagp/os), sometimes also called GA'BRIAS {TaSpias who is not a different person from Babrius, as Bentley supposed, a Greek poet, who after the example of Socrates turned the Aesopean fables into verse. The emperor Julian {Ep. 90) is the first writer who mentions Babrius ; but as some of Babrius's verses are quoted by ApoUonius in his Homeric Lexicon {s. v. aetSe), though without mentioning his name, he lived in all probability before the time of Augustus. [Apollonius, No. 5.] This is in accordance with the account of Avianus, who speaks {Praef.) of Babrius before Phaedrus. The work of Babrius, which was in Choliambic verses [see p. 47, b.], was called MiJeot and My- 6iaijL§oi, and was comprised in ten books according to Suidas (s. v. Bcigpios), or two volumes {volttmina) according to Avianus. His version, which is one of no ordinary merit, seems to have been the basis of all the Aesopean fables which have come down to us in various forms. Later writers of Aesopean fables, such as Maximus Planudes, probably turn- ed the poems of Babrius into prose, but they did it in so clumsy a manner, that many choliambic verses may still be traced in their fables, as Bentley has shewn in his dissertation on Aesop's fables. [Ae^opus, p. 48, a.] Bentley was the first writer who called the attention of the learned to this fact, which was proved still more clearly by Tyrwhitt in his dissertation " De Babrio, Fabularum Aeso- pearum Seriptore," Lond. 1776, reprinted at Erlan- gen, 1785, ed. Harles. To this treatise Tyrwhitt added the fragments of Babrius, which were but few in number and chiefly taken from Suidas ; but several of his complete poems have been discovered in a Florentine and Vatican MS., and were first published by de Furia under the title of " Fabulae Aesopicae, quales ante Planudem ferebantur," Flor. 1809. They have also been edited by J.Gl. Schneider, *' Aesopi Fabulae, cum Fabulis Babrii,'* Vnitisl. 1812; by Berger, Ba6piov /jLvduv xwAto^- fiiKwu Pi€ia rpia., &c., Monach. 1816 ; and bj Knoch, "Babrii Fabulae et Fabularum Fragmenta," HalisSax. 1835. BABU'LLIUS. [Bacillus.] BABYS (Bogus). 1. The sjxme according to Hellanicus {ap. AtJien. xv. p. 680, a.) as the Egyp- tian Typhon. [Typhon.] 2«