Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/466

Rh 44B AUXESIA. sister Agave tore Pentheiis to pieces in their Bacchic fury. (Hygin. Fab. 184.) At last grief and sadness at the lamentable fate of the house of her father induced her to quit Thebes, and slie went to Erineia in the territory of Megara, where her tomb was shewn as late as the time of Pausa- Lxas. (i. 44. § 8.) There are five other mythical personages of this name. (Hesiod. Theog. 258 ; Apollod. i. 2. § 7, ii. 1. § 5, 7. § 8 ; Paus. viii. 9. § 2 ; Horn. Od. xviii. 182.) [L. S.] AUTOPHRADATES (Awroc^paSoTTjs), a Per- sian, who distinguished himself as a general in the reign of Artaxerxes III. and Dareius Codomannus. In the reign of the former he made Artabazus, the revolted satrap of Lydia and Ionia, his prisoner, but afterwards set him free. (Dem. c. Aristocr. p. 671.) [Artabazus, No. 4.] After the death of the Persian admiral, Memnon, in B. c. 333, Autophradates and Phamabazus undertook the commtind of the fleet, and reduced Mytilene, the siege of which had been begun by Memnon. Phamabazus now sailed with his prisoners to Lycia, and Autophradates attacked the other islands of the Aegaean, which espoused the cause of Alexander the Great. But Phamabazus soon after joined Autoptradates again, and both sailed against Tenedos, which was induced by fear to surrender to the Persians. (Arrian, AmJ). ii. 1) During these expeditions Autophradates also laid siege to the town of Atameus in Mysia, but with- out success. (Aristot. Polit. ii. 4. § 10.) Among the Persian satraps who appeared before Alexander at Zadracarta, Arrian {Anab. iii. 23) mentions an Autophradates, satrap of the Tapuri, whom Alex- ander left in the possession of the satrapy. But this satrap is undoubtedly a different person from the Autophradates who commanded the Persian fleet in the Aegean. [L. S.] AUTRO'NIA GENS, of which the only family- name mentioned is Paktus. Persons of this gens first came into notice in the last century of the republic : the first member of it who obtained the consulship was P. Autronius Paetus, in B. c. 65. AUXE'SIA (Ai)|7j<rfa), the goddess who grants growth and prosperity to the fields, a surname of Persephone. According to a Troezenian legend, there came once during an iiisuri'ection at Troezen vwo Cretan maidens, Auxesia and Daniia, who was probably Demeter, and who, in our editions of Pausanias, is called Lamia (perhaps only an incor- rect reading for Damia). During the tumult, the two maidens were stoned to death, whereupon the Troezenians paid divine honours to them, and in- stituted the festival of the Lithobolia. (Paus. ii. 32 § 3.) According to an Epidaurian and Aegi- netan tradition, the country of Epidaurus was vi- sited by a season of scarcity, and the Delphic ora- cle advised the Epidaurians to erect statues of Auxesia and Damia, which were to be made of olive-wood. The Epidaurians therefore asked per- mission of the Athenians to cut down an Attic olive-tree. The request was granted, on condition that the Epidaurians should every year offer up sacrifices to Athena Agraulos and Erechtheus. When the condition was complied with, the coun- try of Epidaurus again bore fruit as before. Now •when about B. c. 540 Aegina separated itself from Epidaurus, which had till then been regarded as its metropolis, the Aeginetans, who had had their sacra in common with the Epidaurians, took away the two statues of Auxesia and Damia, and AXIONICUS. erected them in a part of their own island called Oea, where they offered sacrifices and celebrated mysteries. When the Epidaurians, in consequence of this, ceased to perform the sacrifices at Athens, and the Athenians heard of the statues being car- ried to Aegina, they demanded their surrender of the Aeginetans. The islanders refused, and the Athenians threw ropes round the sacred statues, to drag them away by force. But thunder and earthquakes ensued, and the Athenians engaged in the work were seized with madness, in which they killed one another. Only one of them escaped to carry back to Athens the sad tidings. The Aegi- netans added to this legend, that the statues, while the Athenians were dragging them down, fell upon their knees, and that they remained in this atti- tude ever after. (Herod, v.' 82-86; Paus. ii. 30. § 5; Hom. Hymn, in Cer. 122; comp. Miiller, Dor. ii. 10. § 4, note f., iv. 6. § 11, Aeginet. p. 171.) [L.S.] AUXO (AiJfa;). 1. [HORAE.] 2. An ancient Attic divinity, who was wor- shipped, according to Pausanias (ix. 35. § 1), to- gether with Hegemone, under the name of Charites. [Charites.] [L. S.] A'XIA GENS, plebeian, of which very little is known, as there are only two or three persons of this name mentioned by ancient writers. There is a coin of this gens bearing on the obverse the cognomen Naso^ and on the reverse the inscription L. Axsius L. F. (Eckhel, v. p. 148); Ajcsius being instead oi Axius^ in the same way as we find Max- sumus for Maxmnus and Aleasandrea for Aleocan' drea. We do not know who this L. Axsius Naso was ; as the Axii mentioned by ancient writers have no cognomen. [Axius.] AXI'EROS ('A|i6/)os), a daughter of Cadmilus, and one of the three Samothracian Cabeiri. Ac- cording to the Paris-Scholia on Apollonius (i. 915- 921), she was the same as Demeter. The two other Cabeiri were Axiocersa (Persephone), and Axiocersus (Hades). [Cabeiri.] [L. S.] AXILLA, the name of a family of the Servilia gens, which is merely another form of Ahala. Axilla is a diminutive of Ala. (Comp. Cic. Orat. 45.) We have only one person of this name men- tioned, namely, C. ServiliusQ. f. C. n.(Structus). Axilla, consular tribune in B.C. 419 and again in 418, in the latter of which he was magister equitum to the dictator Q. Servilius Priscus Fidenas. This is the account of the Fasti Capitolini ; but Livy calls the consular tribune in B. c. 418 only C. Servilius, and says that he was the son of the dictator Q. Servilius Priscus Fidenas. He also tells us that some annals related, that the magister equitum was the son of the dictator, while others called him Servilius Ahala (Axilla). (Liv. iv. 45, 46.) AXION {^ki,iu}v). 1. A son of Phegeus of Psophis, and brother of Temenus and Arsinoe or Alphesiboea. (Paus. viii. 24. § 4.) ApoUodoms (iii. 7. § 5) calls the two sons of Phegeus, Agenor and Pronous. [Agenor, No. 5, Alcmaeon, Acarnan.] 2. A son of Priam, who was slain by Eurypylus, the son of Euaemon. (Hygin. Fab. 90 ; Paus. x. 27.) [L. S.] AXIONI'CUS ('A|t({j/iKoj), an Athenian poet of the middle comedy. Some unimportant frag- ments of the following plays have been preserved by Athenaeus : the Tvppi]v6s or Tvpp'fiviKhs (iv. p. 166, vi. p. 244); ^iXivpitrihr^s (iv. p. 175, viii. p.