Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/428

Rh 410 ATTALUS. who had been appointed governor of tlie town, and by means of these he soon found himself at the head of 10,000 foot and 800 horse. He remained at Tyre for some time, to collect the friends of Perdiccas who had escaped from the army; but then, instead of uniting his forces immediately with those of Alcetas, the brother of Perdiccas, he sailed to the coast of Caria, where he became involved in a contest with the Rhodians, by whom he was completely defeated in a sea-fight. (Diod. xviii. 37 ; Arrian, ap. P/ioi. Cod. 92, p. 72, a., ed. Bekker.) After this, he joined Alcetas; but their united forces were defeated in Pisidia by Antigonus, who had the conduct of the war against the party of Perdiccas. Alcetas escaped for a time, but Attains with many others was taken prisoner. (Diod. xviii. 44, 45.) This happened in B. c. 320; and he and his companions remained in captivity till B. c. 317, when they contrived on one occasion to overpower their guards, and obtain possession of the castle in which they were confined. Before they could effect their escape, the castle was surrounded with troops from the neighbourhood. They continued, however, to defend it for a year and four months ; but at length were obliged to yield to superior numbers. (Diod. xix. 16.) We do not hear of Attains after this : his daughters were with Olyra- pias in B. c. 317. (Diod. xix. 35.) 3, Arrian speaks (ii. 9, iii. 12) of an Attains who was the commander of the Agrianians in Alexander's army at the battles of Issus, b. c. 333, and Guaga- niela, B. c. 331. He seems to be a different person from the son of Andromenes. 4. One of the chief officers in the infantry of Alexander. After the death of Alexander, b. c. 323, the infantry were dissatisfied with the ar- rangements made by Alexander's generals ; and in the tumult which ensued. Attains, according to Justin (xiii. 3) sent persons to murder Perdiccas, though this is generally attributed to Meleager. He is again mentioned in the mutiny of the army at Triparadisus after the death of Perdiccas in B.c. 321. (Arrian, ap. Phot. Cod. 92, p. 71, b. 10.) It is evident, from both of these circumstances, that this Attains must be a different person from the son of Andromenes. ATTALUS, the name of three kings of Per- gamus. I. Was the son of Attains, tl'e brother of Philet^ierus, and Antiochis, daughter of Achaeus (not the cousin of Antiochus theGreat). [Eumenes.] He succeeded his cousin, Eumenes 1., in b. c. 241. He was the first of the Asiatic princes who ven- tured to make head against the Gauls, over whom he gained a decisive victory. After this success, he assumed the title of king (Stnib. xiii. p. 624 ; Paus. i. 8. § 1, X. 15. § 3; Liv. xxxviii. 16; Po- 'lyb. xviii. 24), and dedicated a sculptured repre- sentation of his victory in the Acropolis at Athens. (Paus. i, 25. § 2.) He took advantage of the dis- putes in the familj- of the Seleucidae, and in B. c. 229 conquered Antiochus Hierax in several battles. ( Porphyr. ap. Euseb. Graec. p. 186; Euseb. Chron. J mi. p. 347.) Before the accession of Seleucus Cerauims (b. c. 226), he had made himself master of the whole of Asia Minor west of mount Taurus. Seleucus immediately attacked him, and by b. c. 221 Achaeus [Achaeus] had reduced his domi- nions to the limits of Pergamus itself. (Polyb. iv. 48.) On the breaking out of the war between the Rho- dians and Byzantines (b.c. 220), Attains took part ATTALUS. with the latter, who had done their utmost to bring about a peace between him and Achaeus (Polyb. iv. 49), but he was miable to render them any effec- tive assistance. In B. c. 218, with the aid of a body of Gaulish mercenaries, he recovered several cities in Aeolis and the neighbouring districts, but was stopped in the midst of his successes by an eclipse of the sun, which so alanned the Gauls, that they refused to proceed. (Polyb. v. 77, 78.) In B. c. 216, he entered into an alliance with Antiochus the Great against Achaeus. (v. 107.) In B. c. 211, he joined the alliance of the Romans and Aetolians against Philip and the Achaeans. (Liv. xxvi. 24.) In 209, he was made praetor of the Aetolians conjointly with Pyrrhias, and in the following year joined Sulpicius with a fleet. After wintering at Aegina, in 207 he overran Peparethus, assisted in the capture of Oreus, and took Opus. While engaged in collecting tribute in the neigh- bourhood of this town, he narrowly escaped falling into Philip's hands; and hearing that Prusias, king of Bithj'nia, had invaded Pergamus, he re- turned to Asia. (Liv. xxvii. 29, 30, 33, xxviii. 3—7; Polyb. X. 41, 42.) In B. c. 205, in obedience to an injunction of the Sibylline books, the Romans sent an embassy to Asia to bring away the Idaean Mother from Pes- sinus in PhrN-gia. Attalus received them graciously and assisted them in procuring the black stone which was the symbol of the goddess. (Liv. xxix. 10, 11.) At the general peace brought about in 204, Prusias and Attalus were included, the for- mer as the ally of Philip, the latter as the ally of the Romans, (xxix. 12.) On the breaking out of hostilities between Philip and the Rhodians, Atta- lus took part with the latter; and in B. c. 201, Philip invaded and ravaged his territories, but was unable to take the city of Pergamus. A sea-fight ensued, off Chios, between the fleet of Philip and the combined fleets of Attalus and the Rhodians, in which Philip was in fact defeated with conside- rable loss, though he found a pretext for claiming a victory, because Attalus, having incautiously pur- sued a Macedonian vessel too far, was compelled to abjindon his own, and make his escape by land. After another ineflectual attempt upon Pergamus, Philip retired. (Polyb. xvi. 1 — 8 ; Liv. xxxii, 33.) In 200, Attalus, at the invitation of the Athe- nians, crossed over to Athens, where the most flat- tering honours were paid him. A new tribe was created and named Attalis after him. At Athens he met a Roman embassy, and war was formally declared against Philip. (Polyb. xvi. 25, 26; Liv. xxxi. 14, 15 ; Paus. i. 5. § 5, 8. § 1.) In the same year, Attalus made some ineffectual attempts to relieve Abydos, which was besieged by Phili]t. (Polyb. xvi. 25, 30-34.) In the campaign of 199, he joined the Romans with a fleet and troops. Their combined forces took Oreus in Euboea. (Liv. xxxi. 44 — 47.) Attalus then returned to Asia to repel the aggressions of Antiochus III., who had taken the opportxniity of his absence to attack Pergamus, but was induced to desist by the re- monstrances of the Romans. (Liv. xxxi. 45 — 47, xxxii. 8, 27.) In 198, Attalus again joined the Romans, and, aftor the campaign, wintered in Aegina. In the spring of 197, he attended an assembly held at Thebes for the purpose of detaching the Boeotians from the cause of Philip, and in the midst of hia speech was struck with apoplexy. He was ton-