Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/422

Rh 404 ATHENODORUS. instructed in the doctrines of the Stoics. He after- wards went to Apollonia, where he taught, and attracted the notice of Octavianus, whom he fol- lowed to Rome. He stood high in the favour of the emperor, and was permitted to offer him advice, which he did on some occasions with considerable freedom. (Dion Cass. lii. 36, Ivi. 43 ; Zonaras, p. 544, b.) Zosimus (i. 6) tells us, that the govern- ment of Augustus became milder in consequence of his attending to the advice of Athenodoms. The young Claudius was placed under his instruction. (Suet. Clawi. 4.) In his old age he returned to Tarsus, which was at that time misgoverned by Boethus, a favourite of Antonius. Atheno- dorus procured his expulsion and that of his party, and restored order. Through his in- fluence with Augustus, he procured for his native city a remission of the vectigalia. He died at the age of eighty-two, and his memory was ho- noured by an annual festival and sacrifice. (Strab. xiv. p. 674 ; Lucian, Macrob. 21 ; Cic. ad Fam. iii. 7, ad Att. xvi. 14.) He was the author of a work against the Categories of Aristotle (Porphj-r. in Categ. p. 21, a. ; Simplic. Categ. p. 15, b. ; Sto- baeus. Serin. 33) attributed by some to Athenodoms Cordylio ; of an account of Tarsus (Steph. 'A7xtciArj) ; of a work addressed to Octavia (Pint. Poplic. 17); of one irefA (TtrovSris Koi TrajSe^ar ( Athen. xii. p.519); of a work called Uepiiraroi (Diog. Laert. iii. 3, v. 36), and of some others. (Fabric. fiiU. Graec. iii. p. 543; Hoffmann, Dissert, de Allien. Tarsensi, Lips. 1 732 ; Sevin, in the Memoires de VAcad. des Inscr. xix. p. 77.) 4. Surnamed Coruylio (KopSvKiuv), a Stoic philosopher, bom at Tarsus. He was the keeper of the library at Pergamus, and in his anxiety to preserve the doctrines of his sect in their original purity, used to cut out from the works of the Stoic writers such parts as appeared to him erroneous or inconsistent. He removed from Pergamus to Rome, and lived with M. Cato, at whose house he died. (Strab. xiv. p. 674 ; Diog. Laert. vii. 34 ; Plut. Cat. Min. 10 ; Senec. de TranquUL Aninii^ c. 3, Ep. X.4.) 5. An Eretrian, the author of a work entitled liiroixviiiJiaTa. (Photius, Cod. 119.) 6. Of Rhodes, a rhetorician spoken of by Quin- tilian. (ii. 17.) 7. Of Soli, a disciple of Zenon. (Diog. Laert. vii. 38, 121.) He maintained, in opposition to the other Stoics, that all offences were not equal. 8. Of Tarsus. [See Nos. 3 and 4.] 9. Of Teos, a player on the cithara, was one of the performers who assisted at the festivities cele- brated at Susa in b. c. 324, on the occasion of the marriage of Alexander with Statira. There was also a tragedian of the same name, whose services were called into requisition on the same occasion. (Athen. xii. p. 538.) [C. P. M.] ATHENODO'RUS CAe^S^wpos), a Greek physician in the first century after Christ or the beginning of the second. He was probably a con- temporary of Plutarch, by whom the first book of his treatise On Epidemic Diseases^ 'EiriS^/xio, is quoted. (Sympos. viii. 9. § 1.) [W. A. G.j ATHENODO'RUS ('A07ji/(5Sa'pos). 1. A sta- tuary, a native of Cleitor in Arcadia, executed statues of Zeus and Apollo, which were dedicated bj' the Lacedaemonians at Delphi after the battle of Aegos-potami. He was also famed for his statues of distinguished women. He was a pupil ATIA. of the elder Polycletus, and flourished at the end of the fifth century b. c. (Paus. x. 9. § 8 ; Plin. //. N. xxxiv. 19, init., and § 26.) 2. A sculptor, the son and pupil of Agesander of Rhodes, whom he assisted in executing the group of Laocoon. [Agesander.] [C. P. M.] ATHENO'GENES CAe-nuoj4pvs),the author of a work, probably a poem, entitled Cephaliou. (Athen. iv. p. 164, a.) ATHENO'GENES {'Aevvoy4vr,s), a Christian martyr, of whom nothing more is known with cer- tainty than that, when he was proceeding to the stake, he left, as a parting gift to his friends, a hymn in which the divinity of the Holy Spirit was acknowledged. We learn this fact from St. Basil, by whom it is incidentally recorded. {De Spiritu Suncto, c. 29.) On the supposed authority of this testimony, some have erroneously attributed to Athenogenes the morning hymn (v/jluos 4w9iv6s) beginning A«|o ei' vi/icrTois 0e(^, and the evening hymn {vfipos ia-rr^pipSs) beginning ws iap6v dyias So|t)s. (For the hymns themselves, see Usher, Diss, de Sijmbolo-Apodolico, &c. p. 33 ; Thomas Smith's Miscellanea priora, p. 152; Fa- bric. Bibf. Gr. vii. pp. 171-2.) But Basil in this passage makes no mention whatever of the morning hpnn, while he expressly distinguishes the evening h}Tnn from that of Athenogenes, and says that he does not know who was its author. Cave falls into the above-mentioned error in the first volume of his Historia Literaria (ed. 1688), but corrects it in the dissertation de Libris et Officiis Ecdesiasticis Graecorum, appended to the second volume, pub- lished in 1698. Le Moyne makes Athenogenes contemporary with Clemens Alexandrinus, and re- presents him as suffering under the emperor Seve- rus. In this chronology Cave and Lumper concur. Gamier, in a note upon the above-cited passage in Basil, identifies this Athenogenes with one whom the martyrologies represent as sufl^ering under Dio- cletian. Baronius and Tillemont strangely suppose that Athenogenes is one and the same with Athe- nagoras, whose apology for the Christians was addressed to M. Aurelius Antoninus and his son Commodus. (Le Moyne, Varia Sacra, ii. pp. 1095-6; Tillemont, Alemoires, &c. ii. p. 632; Lumper, Historia Theologico-Critica, &c. iv. pp. 39, 40 ; Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vii. pp. 170-2.) [J.M.M.] ATHO'US ('A^oJos), a surname of Zeus, derived from mount Athos, on which the god had a temple. (Hesych. s. v.; Aeschyl. Agam. 270.) [L. S.] ATHRYILA'TUS {'AQpvtKaTos), a Greek physician of Thasos, introduced by Plutarch as one of the speakers in his Symposiacon (iii. 4), and who must therefore have lived at the end oi the first or the beginning of the second century after Christ. [W. A. G.] ATHYMBRUS {'AevfjL€p6s), ATHYMBRA- DUS ('Aevfx§pados), and HYDRE'LUS {"TSpv- Aos), three brothers, who came from Lacedaemon, and founded cities in Lydia, which were called by their names. These cities were afterwards de- serted by their inhabitants, who founded together the town of Nysa, whence the latter regarded Athymbrus as its founder. (Strab. xiv. p. 650 ; Steph. Byz. s.v.''AdviJ.§pa.) A'TIA, the daughter of M. Atius Balbus of Aricia, and of Julia, the sister of C. Julius Caesar. She was married to C. Octavius, and became him the mother of Augustus Caesar. (Suet. 4 ; Veil. Pat. ii. 59.) She pretended that Augustus jsar. by / Oct. { stus I