Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/421

Rh ATHENION. tenet of the resurrection. Both of these are writ- ten with considerable ability and elegance, and in a pure Attic style. In the first, he vigorously combats the charges of atheism, profligacy, and cannibalism, which were preferred against the early Christians. In the second, he shews with no little ingenuity, that the presumptive arguments against the Christian doctrine of the resurrection are inconclusive. The best edition of the works of Athenagoras is that of the Benedictines, superintended by Ma- ranus, and published, together with the writings of Justin Martyr, Theophilus of Antioch, and Hermias, in one volume, folio, Paris, 1742. The other editions of Athenagoras are these : H. Ste- phani, 1557, reprinted at Zurich in 1559, and at Cologne in 1686 ; Bishop Fell's, Oxford, 1682 ; Kechenberg's, Leipzig, 1684-85; Dechair's, Ox- ford, 1 706. His works are also given in the edition of Justin Martyr, published at Paris in 1615, and in the collections of de la Bigne, Gallandi, and Oberthiir. J. G. Lindner's notes to his edition of the Apology for the Christians (Longosal. 1774-75) deserve particular recommendation. The writings of Athenagoras, with fragments from other ancient authors, were translated into English by David Humphreys, London, 1714. There is an old translation of the treatise on the Resurrection by Richard Porder, London, 1573. See T. A. Clarisse, Commentatio de Athenagorae Vita et Scripiis, Lugd. Batav. 1819; Polycarp Leyser, Dissertatio de Athe- nagora. Lips. 1736. [J. M.M.] ATHENA'GORAS (^Mr]va-y6pas a physi- cian, the author of an unedited treatise on the Pulse and on Urine, of which there is a Latin MS. of the eleventh century in the Royal Lib- rary at Paris. Some bronze coins struck at Smyrna in honour of a person named Athena- goras were thought by Dr. Mead (in his Dissert, de Nummis quibusdam a Smyrnaeis in Medicorum Honorem percussis^ Lond. 1724, 4to.) to refer to the physician of this name ; but this is now generally considered to be a mistake. (See Diet, of Ant. s. V. Medicus.) A work on Agriculture by a person of the same name is mentioned by Varro (De Re Rust. i. 1. § 9) and Columella {De Re Rmt. i. I. § 10). [W. A. G.] ATHENA'IS {'hQ-nveis). 1. A Sibyl in the time of Alexander the Great, born at Erythrae. (Strab. xiv. p. 645.) 2. Sumamed Philostorg^us {^iKSaropyos), the wife of Ariobarzanes II., king of Cappadocia, and the mother of Ariobarzanes III. (Cic. ad Fam. XV. 4 ; Eckhel, iii. p. 200.) It appears from an inscription (Eckhel, iii. p. 199), that the wife of Ariobarzanes I. was also called Athenais. 3. The daughter of Leontius. [Eudocia.] ATHE'NION ('A0rjj/W). 1. A Cilician, who in the second servile war in Sicily, by the aid of his wealth and pretended astrological knowledge, pro- cured himself to be chosen leader of the insurgents in the western part of the island. After a fruitless attack upon Lilybaeum, he joined Sal'ius, the king of the rebels, who, under the influence of a suspi- cious jealousy, threw him into prison, but after- wards released him. Athenion fought with great bravery in a battle with L. Licinius Lucullus, and was severely wounded. On the death of Salvias, he succeeded to his title of king. He maintained Jiis ground for some time successfully, but in B. c. lUl tbe Romans sent against him the consul M'. ATHENODORUS. 403 Aquillius, who succeeded in subduing the insur- gents, and slew Athenion with his own hand, (Diod. Fragm. xxxvi. ; Florus, iii. 19; Cic. t» Verr. iii. 26, 54.) The nickname Athenio was given to Sex. Clo- dius. (Cic. ad Att. ii. 12.) 2. A comic poet, from one of whose plays (the ^a/x6dpaKfs) Athenaeus (xiv. p. 660) has a long extract. 3. A tragic poet, the instructor of Leonteus the Argive. (Athen. viii. p. 343.) 4. [Aristion.] 5. A raythographer referred to in the Scholia on Apollonius (i. 917) and Homer (IL xv, 718). (Comp. hoheck, Aglaoph. ii. p. 1220.) [C. P. M.] ATHE'NION {'Ad-nviup), a Greek physician, who is mentioned by Soranus (De Arte Obstetr. p. 210) as being a follower of Erasistratus, and who must therefore have lived some time between the third century before and the first century after Christ. He may very possibly be the same phy- sician, one of whose medical formulae is preserved by Celsus. (De Medic, v. 25. p. 95.) [W. A.G.] ATHE'NION. I. A painter, bom at Maroneia in Thrace. He was a pupil of Glaucion of Corinth, and a contemporary probably of Nicias, whom he resembled and excelled, though his style was harsher. He gave promise of the highest excel- lence in his art, but died young. (Plin. H. N. XXXV. 11. s. 40. § 29.) 2. The engraver of a celebrated cameo, in the Royal Museum at Naples, representing Zeus con- tending with the giants. (Bracci, Mem. degli Ant. Inie. i. 30 ; Mliller, Arch. d. Kunst. p. 498, Anm. 2.) [C.P.M.] ATHENIPPUS ('AeTji/iTrTros), a Greek physi- cian (judging from his name), who must have lived some time in or before the first century after Christ, as one of his medical prescriptions is quoted by Scribonius Largus. (Z)e Compos. Medicam. c. 3. § 26, p. 198.) He may perhaps be the same person mentioned by Galen. {De Compos. Medicam. sec. Locos., iv. 8. vol. xii. p. 789.) [W. A. G.] ATHENOCLES {'AewoKKris). 1. The leader of an Athenian colony, who settled at Amisus in Pontus, and called the place Peiraeeus. The date of this event is uncertain. (Strab. xii. p. 547.) 2. Of Cyzicus, a commentator upon Homer, who, according to the judgment of Athenaeus (v. p. 177, e.), understood the Homeric poems better than Aristarchus. Whether the commentator upon Homer is the same Athenocles who wrote upon the early history of the Assyrians and Medea (Agathias, ii. 24), is uncertain. ATHENOCLES ( 'Ae-npoKXijs), a celebrated embosser or chaser, mentioned by Athenaeus. (xi. pp. 781, e., 782, b.) [C. P. M.] ATHENODO'RUS CABvpSScopos). I. Of Ak- Nos, a rhetorician, who lived in the time of Pollux. He had been a disciple of Aristocles and Chrestus. (Philost. Vit. Sophist, ii. 14 ; Eudocia, p. 51.) 2. The father and brother of the poet Aratus. The latter defended Homer against the attacks of Zoilus. (Suidas, s. «. *'ApaTos.) 3. A Stoic philosopher, snmamed Cananites (Kavavirr^s) from Cana in Cilicia, the birthplace of his father, whose name was Sandon. Athenodonis was himself a native of Tarsus. It is the same per- son probably whom Cicero {ad Att. xvi. II) calls Athenodorus Calvus. In Rhodes he became ac- quainted with Posidonius, by whom probably he was 2 d2