Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/409

Rh ATALANTE. Bcem, pledged himself to the s.atrap. (cc. 45 and 50.) Henceforward, in pursuance of his patron's policy, his efforts were eraploj'cd in keeping his large forces inactive, and inducing submission to the re- duction in their Persian pay. The acquisition of Rhodes, after his junction with the new fleet, he had probably little to do with ; while to him, must, no doubt, be ascribed the neglect of the opportunities afforded by the Athenian dissensions, after his return to Miletus (cc. 60 and 63), 411 b.c. The discontent of the troops, especially of the Syracusans, was great, and broke out at last in a riot, where his life was endangered ; shortly after which his successor Mindarus arrived, and Asty- ochus sailed home (cc. 84, 85), after a command of about eight months. Upon his return to Sparta he bore testimony to the truth of the charges which Hermocrates, the Syracusan, brought against Tissaphemes. (Xen. Hdl. i. 1. § 31.) [A. H. C] ASTYPALAEA ('AcTTwraAafa), a daughter of Phoenix and Perimede, the daughter of Oeneus. She was a sister of Europa, and became by Posei- don the mother of the Argonaut Ancaeus and of Eurypylns, king of the island of Cos. The island Astypalaea among the Cyclades derived its name from her. (ApoUod. ii. 7. § 1 ; Paus. vii. 4. § 2 ; ApoUod. Rhod, ii. 866 ; Steph. Byz. s. v.) [L.S.] A'SYCHIS ("Ao-ux's), a king of Egypt, who, according to the account in Herodotus (ii. 136), succeeded Mycerinus (about B.C. 1012 according to Larcher's calculation), and built the propy- laea on the east side of the temple of Hephaestus which had been begim by Menes, and also a pyramid of brick. Herodotus likewise mentions some laws of his for the regulation of money transactions. [C. P. M.] ATABY'RIUS ('AToguptos), a surname of Zeus derived from mount Atabyris or Atabyrion in the island of Rhodes, where the Cretan Althaemenes was said to have built a temple to him. (ApoUod. iii. 2. § 1 ; Appian, Mithrid. 26.) Upon this moun- tain there were, it is said, brazen bulls which roared when anything extraordinary was going to happen. (Schol. ad Piiid. 01. vii. 159.) [L. S.] ATALANTE ('AroAai/Trj). In ancient mytho- logy there occur two personages of this name, who have been regarded by some writers as identical, while others distinguish between them. Among the latter we may mention the Scholiast on Theo- critus (iii. 40), Burmann {ad Ov. Met. x. 565), Spanheim {ad Callimach. p. 275, &c.), and Munc- ker {ad. Hygin. Fab. 99, 173, 185). K. 0. Mid- ler, on the other hand, who maintains the identity of the two Atalantes, has endeavoured to shew that the distinction cannot be carried out satisfac- torily. But the difficulties are equally great in either case. The common accounts distinguish between the Arcadian and the Boeotian Atalante. 1. The Arcadian Atalante is described as the daughter of Jasus ( Jasion or Jasius) and Clymene. (Aelian, V. H. xiii. 1 ; Hvgin. Fab. 99; CaUim. Hymn, in Diun. 216.) Her father, who had r^'ished for a son, was disappointed at her birth, and ex- posed her on the Parthenian (virgin) hill, by the side of a well and at the entrance of a cave. Pau- sanias (iii. 24. § 2) speaks of a spring near the ruins of Cyphanta, which gushed forth from a rock, and which Atalante was believed to have called forth by striking the rock with her spear. In her infancy, Atalante was suckled in the wilderness by a 8h»>-bear, the symbol of Artemis, and after she ATAULPHUS. 391 had grown up, she lived in pure maidenhood, slew the centaurs who pursued her, took part in the Calydonian hunt, and in the games which were celebrated in honour of Pelias. Afterwards, her father recognized her as his daughter ; and when he desired her to marry, she made it the condition that every suitor who wanted to win her, should first of all contend with her in the foot-race. If he conquered her, he was to be rewarded with her hand, if not, he was to be put to death by her. This she did because she was the most swift-footed among all mortals, and because the Delphic oracle had cautioned her against marriage. Meilanion, one of her suitors, conquered her in this manner. Aphrodite had given him three golden apples, and during the race he dropped them one after the other. Their beauty chai-med Atalante so much, that she could not abstain from gathering them. Thus she was conquered, and became the wife of Meilanion. Once when the two, by their embraces in the sacred grove of Zeus, profaned the sanctity of the place, they were both metamorphosed into lions. Hyginus adds, that Atalante was by Ares the mother of Parthenopaeus, though, according to others, Parthenopaeus was her son by Meilanion. (Apollod. iii. 9. § 2; Serv. ad Aeu. iii. 313; Athen. iii. p. 82.) 2. The Boeotian Atalante. About her the same stories are related as about the Arcadian Atalante, except that her parentage and the localities are described differently. Thus she is said to have been a daughter of Schoenus, and to have been married to Hippomenes. Her footrace is trans- ferred to the Boeotian Onchestus, and the sanc- tuary which the newly mamed couple profaned by their love, was a temple of C3'bele, who metamor- phosed them into lions, and yoked them to her chariot. (Ov. Met. x. 565, &c., viii. 318, &c. ; Hygin. Fab. 185.) In both traditions the main cause of the metfimorphosis is, that the husband of Atalante neglected to thank Aphrodite for the gift of the golden apples. Atalante has in the ancient poets various suniames or epithets, which refer partly to her descent, partly to her occupation (the chase), and partly to her swiftness. She was re- presented on the chest of Cypselus holding a hind, and by her side stood Meilanion. She also ap- peared in the pediment of the temple of Athena Alea at Tegea among the Calydonian himters. (Paus. V. 19. § 1, viii. 45. § 4; Comp. MliUer, Orekum. p. 214.) [L. S.] ATALANTE {'AraXdurv), the sister of Per- diccas, married Attains, and was murdered a few days after her brother, Perdiccas. (Died, xviii. 37.) ATA'RRHIAS ('Arap^ias), mentioned several times by Q. Curtius (v. 2, vii. 1, viii 1), with a slight variation in the orthography of the name, in the wars of Alexander the Great, appears to have been the same who was sent b}"^ Cassander with a part of the army to oppose Aeacides, king of Epeirus, in B. c. 317. (Diod. xix. 36.) ATAULPHUS, ATHAULPHUS, ADAUL- PHUS {t.e. Atha-ulf, "sworn helper," the same name as that which appears in later history under the form of Adolf or Adolphus), brother of Alaric's wife. (Olympiod. ap. Phot. Cod. 80, p. 57, a., ed Bekk.) He first appears as conducting a reinforce- ment of Goths and Huns to aid Alaric in Italy after the termination of the first siege of Rome. (a. s. 40J^.) In the sjune year he was after the