Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/408

Rh i90 ASTYMEDES. Cyropaedeia of the joint expedition of Cyaxares and Cyrus against the Assyrians.) In that case, Ahasuerus, the fiather of Dareiiis, will be identical with Astyages. The existence of Cyaxares II. seems also to be recognized by Aeschylus, Pers. 766. But the question is by no means free from difficulty. [C. P. M.] ASTY'AGES, a grammarian, the author of a commentary on Callimachus, and some other trea- tises on grammatical subjects. (Suidas, s. v. ; Eu- docia, p. 64.) [C. P. M.] ASTYANASSA ('Ao-TuaVoo-o-a), said to have been a daughter of Musaeus, and a slave of Helen, and to have composed poems on immodest subjects. (Suidas, S.V.; Photius, Bill. p. 142, ed. Bekk.) Her personal existence, however, is very doubt- ful. [C. P. M.] ASTY'ANAX {^ k<rrv6.val the son of Hector and Andromache; his more common name was Scamandrius. After the taking of Troy the Greeks hurled him down from the walls of the city to prevent the fulfilment of a decree of fate, according to which he was to restore the kingdom of Troy. (Hom. //. vi. 400, &c.; Ov. Met. xiii. 415 ; Hygin. Fab. 109.) A different mythical person of the name occurs in Apollodorus. (ii. 7. § 8.) [L. S.] ASTY'DAMAS ('Ao-rvSo/xas). 1- A tragic poet, the son of Morsimus and a sister of the poet Aeschylus, was the pupil of Isocrates, and accord- ing to Suidas {s. v. 'Ao-tuS.) wrote 240 tragedies and gained the prize fifteen times. His first tragedy was brought upon the stage in 01. 95. 2. (Diod. xiv. p. 676.) He was the author of an epigram in the Greek Anthology {Anal. iii. 329), Avhich gave rise to the proverb Souttji/ eTraiviis £<nrep 'AcrrvBafias iroTe. (Suidas, s, v. ^aimijv K. T. A. ; Diog. Laert. ii. 43.) 2. A tragic poet, the son of the former. The names of some of his tragedies are mentioned by Suidas (s. v.). [C. P. M.] ASTYDAMEIA {'AtTTvUfxna), a daughter of Amyntor, king of the Dolopians in Thessah', by Cleobule. She became by Heracles the mother of Tlepolemus. (Pind. 01. vii. 24, with the Schol.) Other accounts differ from Pindar, for Hyginus (Fab. 162) calls the mother of Tlepolemus As- tyoche, and Apollodorus (ii. 7. § 8) calls the son of Astydameia Ctesippus. (Comp. Muncker, ad Hygin. I. c.) The Astydameia mentioned under AcASTiJS and Antigonb, No. 2, is a different personage. [L. S.] A'STYLUS, a seer among the centaurs, who is mentioned by Ovid {Met. xii. 308) as dissuading the centaurs from fighting against the Lapithae. But the name in Ovid seems to be a mistake either of the poet himself or of the transcribers for Asbolus. (Hes. Scid, Here. 185 ; Asbolus.) [L, S.] ASTYME'DES ('A(rrv(U7i57j$), a Rhodian of distinction. On the breaking out of the war be- tween the Romans and Perseus (b. c. 171), he advised his countrj^men to side with the former. (Polyb. xxvii. 6. § 3.)* After the war, when the Rhodians were threatened with hostilities by the Romans, Astj-medes was sent as ambassador to Rome to deprecate their anger. The tenour of his speech on the occasion is censured by Polybius. (xxx. 4, 5 ; Liv. xlv. 21-25.) Three years after- wards, he was again sent as ambasstidor to Rome, and succeeded in bringing about an alliance be- tween the Romans and his countrjTnen. (Polyb. xxxi. 6, 7.) In B.C. 153, on the occasion of the ASTYOCHUS. war with Crete, we find him appointed admiral, and again sent as ambassador to Rome. (Polyb xxxiii. 14.) [C. P. M.] ASTY'NOME ('Ao-twc^mt?), the daughter of Chryses (whence she is also called Chryseis), a priest of Apollo. She was taken prisoner by Achilles in the Hypoplacian Thebe or in Lymes- sus, whither she had been sent by hei father for protection, or, according to others, to attend the celebration of a festival of Artemis. In the dis- tribution of the booty she was given to Agamem- non, who, however, was obliged to restore her to her father, to soothe the anger of Apollo. (Horn. //. i. 378 ; Kustath. ail Hom. pp. 77, 118; Dictys Cret. ii. 17.) There are two more mythical per- sonages of this name, one a daughter of Niobe, and the other a daughter of Talaus and mother of Capaneus. (Hvgin. Fab. 70.) [L. S.] ASTY'NOMUS {' k<rrvvofj.os a Greek writer upon Cyprus. (Plin. H. N. v. 35; Steph. Byz. s. V. KuTrpos.) ASTY'NOUS ('Ao-Tui/ooj), a son of Protiaon,a Trojan, who was slain by Neoptolemus. (Hom. //. XV. 455 ; Pans. x. 26. § 1.) A second Astynous occurs in Apollodorus. (iii. 14. § 3.) [L. S.] ASTY'OCHE or ASTYOCHEIA ('AffrvJxn or 'AffTuo'xf'o). 1. A daughter of Actor, by whom Ares begot two sons, Ascalaphus and lalmenus. (Horn. //. ii. 512, &c.; Pans. ix. 37. § 3.) 2. A daughter of Phyhis, king of Ephyra, by whom Heracles, after the conquest of Ephyra, begot Tlepolemus. (ApoUod. ii. 7. §§ 6, 8 ; Hom. //. ii. 658, &c.; Schol. ad Pind. 01. vii. 24 ; AsTV- DAMEIA.) 3. A daughter of Laomedon by Strymo, Placia, or Leucippe. (ApoUod. iii. 12. § 3.) According to other traditions in Eustathius {ad Horn. p. 1697) and Dictys (ii. 2), she was a daughter of Priam, and married Telephus, by whom she became the mother of Eurypylus. Three other mythical per- sonages of this name occur in ApoUod. iii. 12. § 2, iii. 5. § 6 ; Hygin. Fab. 117. [L. S.] ASTY'OCHUS ('Ao-Tu'oxos), succeeded Melan- cridas as Lacedaemonian high admiral, in the sum- mer of 412, B. c, the year after the Syracusan defeat, and arrived with four ships at Chios, late in the summer. (Thuc. viii. 20, 23.) Lesbos was now the seat of the contest : and his arrival was followed by the recovery to the Athenians of the whole island. (lb. 23.) Astyochus was eager for a second attempt ; but compelled, by the refusal of the Chians and their Spartan captain, Pedaritus, to forego it, he proceeded, with many threats of revenge, to take the general command at Miletus. (31 — 33.) Here he renewed the Persian treaty, and remained, notwithstanding the entrea- ties of Chios, then hard pressed by the Athenians, wholly inactive. He was at last starting to re- lieve it, when he was called off, about mid-winter, to join a fleet from home, bringing, in consequence of complaints from Pedaritus, commissioners to ex- amine his proceedings. Before this {iri ovra rare nepl MiAtjtov, cc. 36 — 42), Astyochus it appears had sold himself to the Persian interest. lie had received, perhaps on first coming to Miletus, orders from home to put Alcibiades to death ; but finding him in refuge with the satrap Tissaphemes, he not only gave up all thought of the attempt, but on re- ceiving private intelligence of his Athenian negotia- tions, went up to ]Iagncsia, betrayed Phryniclius his infonnant to Alcibiades, and there, it would