Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/399

Rh ASCLEPIADES. ns an authority on the meaning of the word Sijfiapxos. 2. Of Anazarba in Cilicia, is mentioned by Stephanus of Ry'/..intium (s. v. 'Ava^apSd) as the author of many works, of which however only one, on rivers (irfpi ttoto/uwj'), is specified. 3. A son of Arkius, wrote a work on Demetrius Phalereus. (Athen. xiii. p. 567.) It is not quite certain whether he is not the same as Asclepiades of Myrleiii, who is also called a native of Nicaea. (Stoph. Byz. s. V. NlKaia.) 4. A Cynic philosopher, a native of Phlius, and a contemporary of Crates of Thebes, who must consequently have lived about B. c. 330. (Diog. Laert. vi. 91 ; Tertull. c. Nat. ii. 14.) Whether he is the same as the one whom Cicero (Tusc. v. 39) states to have been blind, is uncertain. 5. A Cynic philosopher, who is mentioned along with Servianus and Chytton, and lived in the reign of Constantius and Julianus, about A. D. 360. (Julian, Orat. c. Heracl. Cyn. p. 224 ; Ammian. Marc. xxii. 13.) 6. Of Cyprus, wrote a work on the history of his native island and Phoenicia, of which a frag- ment is preserved in Porphyrius. (DeAbstin. iv. 15; comp. Hieronym. ad Jovin. 2.) 7. An Egyptian, possessed, according to Suidas (.<?. V. 'HpdiffKos), a profound knowledge of Egyptian theology, and wrote hymns on his native gods. He also composed a work upon the agreement among the different religions, a second on the history of EgAT)t, and a third on Og3'ges. Of the history of Egj'pt the sixtieth book is quoted by Athenaeus. (iii. p. 83.) There seems to be little doubt that this Asclepiades is the same as the one whom Suetonius {Au^. 94) calls the author of SeoKoyov- juefa, and of whom he quotes a fragment. This QfooyovfM€va, moreover, seems to be the same ■work as that on the agreement among the different religions. Suetonius calls him Asclepiades Mendes, •which seems to be derived from the name of a town in Egypt. (Comp, Schol. ad Horn. II. vii. p. 147; Casaub. ad Suet. I. c. ; Vossius, de Hist. Oraec. p. 406, ed. Westermann.) 8. Epigrammatic poets. Under the name of Asclepiades the Greek Anthology contains upwards of forty epigrams ; but it is more than probable that they are not all the productions of the same poet. Some of them imdoubtedly belong to Ascle- piades of Siimos, who is mentioned as a teacher of Theocritus, and said to have written bucolic poetry. (Schol. ad Theocr. vii. 21, 40; Meleager, i. 46; Theocrit. vii. 40 ; Moschus, iii. ^Q.) Others may be the productions of Asclepiades of Adramyttium, who lived at an earlier time. (Jacobs, ail Anihol. xiii. p. 864.) 9. A lyric poet, from whom a certain species of verse, resembling the choriambic, is said to have derived its name ; but the ancients themselves were not agreed whether the Asclepiadic verse was invented by Asclepiades, or whether he used it only more frequently than others. He lived after the time of Alcaeus and Sappho. (Hephaest. Enchir. p. 34; Attilius Fortunatianus, p. 2700, ed. Putsch.) 10. Of Mendk. See No. 7. 11. Of Myrleia in Bithynia, or of Nicaea, a son of Diotimus. He was a pupil of ApoUonius Rhodius, and lived about the time of Pompey the Great. Suidas places him nearly a century earlier, from which some modem critics have inferred, that ASCLEPIADES. 381 there must have been two Asclepiades of Myrleia, the one of whom was perhaps a son or grandson of the other. The younger taught grammar at Rome, and is supposed to be the same as the one who for some time resided in Spain as a teacher of gram- mar, and wrote a description of the tribes of Spain (irfpiriyTjais twv i6v6iv), to which Strabo occasion- ally refers, (iii. p. 157, &c.) Asclepiades of Myrleia is also mentioned as the author of several other works, of which, however, we possess only a few fragments. 1. On grammarians or grammars {irfpl ypafifxariKoiv, Suidas, s. v. ^Op<pfvs ; Anonym. Vit. A rati; S. Empiric, adv. Grammat. 47, 72, 252). 2. A work on the poet Cratinus (^repi KpariVou, Athen. xi. p. 501). 3. A work called xepi Ne(7T»- pi^os. (Athen. xi. pp. 477, 488, &c., 498, 503.) 4. An vTr6/xvr]iJ.a ttjs 'Odvcrcreias. (Etym. M. s. v. 'Apvaios; Schol. ad Horn. Od. x. 2, xi. 269, 321, 326, xii. 69, ed. Buttmann.) 5. A work on the history of Bithynia {BiQvviKa which consisted of at least ten books. (Parthen. Erot. 35 ; Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. ii. 722, 791 ; Athen. ii. p. 50.) He is usually believed to be the author of a history of Alexander the Great mentioned by Arrian. {^Anah. vii. 15; comp. Vossius, de Hist. Graec. pp. 97, 158, 161, 187, ed. Westermann; F. X. Werfer, Ada Philol. Monac. iii. 4. p. 551, where the fragments of Asclepiades are collected.) 12. Of Tragilus in Thrace, a contemporary and disciple of Isocrates. (Phot. Bill. p. 486, b. ed, Bekker.) He is called a tragic writer, but was more probably a sophist or a grammarian. He was the author of a work called TpayqySov/uLeva, in six books, which treated on the subjects used by the Greek tragic writers, and on the manner in which they had dealt with their mythuses. (Plut. Vii. X. Orat. p. 837; Steph. Byz. s.v. TpayiKos ; Athen. x. p. 456 ; Harpocrat. s. v. AvtTavKrfs ; Hesych. ff. v. urjffiapxos ; comp, Werfer, /. c. p. 489, where the fragments of the Tpayi^iSovfMfpa are col- lected.) 13. A bishop of Tralles, who lived about a. d. 484. A letter of his and ten anathematismi against Fullo are printed with a Latin translation in Lab- beus, Concil. iv. p. 1 120. Another letter of his is still extant in the Vienna and Vatican libraries in MS. (Fabr. Bibl. Grace, xi, p. 583.) This Ascle- piades must be distinguished from an earlier Chris- tian writer of the same name, who is mentioned by Lactantius. (vii. 4.) [L. S.] ASCLEPI'ADES ('Ao-fcATjTrjaSTjs), the name of several physicians, some of whom probably assumed this appellation either as a sort of honorary title in allusion to the ancient family of the Asclepiadae, or in order to signify that they themselves belonged to it. A list of the physicians who bore this name is given by Le Clerc, Hist de la Mtd. ; Fabricius, Bibi. Gr. vol. xiii. p. 87, &c. ed, vet. ; C, G, Gum- pert, Asclcpiadis Bithyni Fragmenta, Vinar. 1794, 8vo,, p, 3, &c. ; C. F. Harless, De Medicis Veteribus '■^Asclepiades Didis., Bonn. 1828, 4to. 1. Asclepiades Bithynus, a very celebrated physician of Bithynia, who .icquired a considerable degree of popularity at Rome at the beginning of the first century B. c, which he maintained through life, and in a certain degree transmitted to his suc- cessors. It is said that he first came to Rome as a teacher of rhetoric (Plin. //. N. xxvi. 7), and that it was in consequence of his not being successful in this profession, that he turned his attention to the study of medicine. From what we learn of his